Benevento L A
J Hirnforsch. 1975;16(2):117-29.
When using a stereotaxic instrument for visual field stimulation we found that electrode placements in the thalamus and mesencephalon of prone rhesus monkeys with the aid of avaiable atlases showed considerable errors. As these animals are valuable for primate visual system reseach an atlas was constructed with methods that have not been used before for rhesus. In addition, the specific connections from the visual cortices, superior colliculus and retina to the thalamus and mesencephalon are also shown. Anesthetized monkeys of specific body dimensions had a matrix of pins inserted into the brain before fixation. A matrix was used so that the penetrations seen in the sectioned brain could be cross related as a control for accurate measurements of the stereotaxic planes throughout the brain. The surface of the whole brain frozen blocks were photographed on the microtome just before a cut section was taken. These calibrated pictures formed the "floor plan" of the atlas as they represent more accurately the brain geometry than individual sections which are distorted by cutting, staining and mounting. Cytoarchitectural (Nissl stain) and axonal connectional (Fink-Heimer stain) information was transferred and adjusted onto the block pictures from their corresponding stained sections. Follow up experiments showed that the present coordinates are accurate for these monkeys of restricted body dimensions. In addition, referencing visual axonal projections onto the same cytoarchitectural map in stereotaxic coordinates provides an atlas for localizing areas of the thalamus, on a basis other than cytoarchitecture, which receive combinations of visual inputs for further anatomical and physiological studies of the rhesus monkey visual system. The atlas further demonstrates that projections do not necessarily follow the cytoarchitectural definition of an area, but rather redefine the thalamus on the basis of specific axonal connections.
在使用立体定位仪进行视野刺激时，我们发现，借助现有的图谱，在俯卧恒河猴的丘脑和中脑放置电极时存在相当大的误差。由于这些动物对灵长类视觉系统研究很有价值，因此我们采用了以前未用于恒河猴的方法构建了一本图谱。此外，还展示了从视觉皮层、上丘和视网膜到丘脑和中脑的特定连接。对特定体型的麻醉猴子在固定前将针矩阵插入大脑。使用针矩阵以便在切片大脑中看到的穿刺可以相互交叉关联，作为对整个大脑立体定位平面进行精确测量的对照。在即将进行切片之前，在切片机上拍摄全脑冷冻块的表面照片。这些校准后的图片构成了图谱的“平面图”，因为它们比因切割、染色和装片而变形的单个切片更准确地代表了大脑的几何形状。细胞结构（尼氏染色）和轴突连接（芬克 - 海默染色）信息从相应的染色切片转移并调整到块图片上。后续实验表明，对于这些体型受限的猴子，当前的坐标是准确的。此外，在立体定位坐标中将视觉轴突投射参考到相同的细胞结构图谱上，为定位丘脑区域提供了一本图谱，该图谱基于除细胞结构之外的其他基础，可接收视觉输入的组合，用于恒河猴视觉系统的进一步解剖学和生理学研究。该图谱进一步表明，投射不一定遵循区域的细胞结构定义，而是基于特定的轴突连接重新定义丘脑。
