Ward J L, Smith D F, Fubini S L, Deuel-Aromando D M
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.
Can J Vet Res. 1994 Jan;58(1):13-9.
Four adult, lactating dairy cows were subjected to diversion (loss) of gastric contents through a T-shaped cannula placed in the cranial part of the duodenum just distal to the pylorus. Diversion was continued for 10 to 12 hours, at which point the cows were very weak and depressed. The volume of effluent during this period ranged from 37.3 to 46.8 L, with the largest volume being produced during the first four hours. All cows became dehydrated, with mean packed cell volume and total plasma protein concentration increasing 30% and 19.6%, respectively, but with only a slight increase in plasma creatinine concentration. Plasma Cl- concentrations decreased from a mean of 97.3 mEq/L at the beginning of diversion to a mean of 87.2 mEq/L at eight hours. This was followed by a plateau or slight increase in concentrations over the final hours of diversion. Plasma K+ concentration followed a similar pattern, decreasing from a mean of 3.9 mEq/L to a mean of 2.94 mEq/L at six hours, followed by increasing values until termination of diversion. No changes in plasma Na+ concentration were noted, except for a mild decrease in one cow. Plasma calcium concentrations decreased significantly, reaching 6.6 +/- 0.6 mEq/L at the end of diversion. Venous pH, plasma HCO3- concentration, and plasma base excess concentration increased during the first four to eight hours of diversion, followed by a gradual decline. Although a mild hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis resulted from diversion of abomasal outflow in all cows, substantiated by a mild increase in plasma strong ion difference, the changes observed were not as great as expected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
四头成年泌乳奶牛通过置于幽门远端十二指肠头部的T形套管进行胃内容物引流（损失）。引流持续10至12小时，此时奶牛非常虚弱且萎靡不振。在此期间流出物的体积在37.3至46.8升之间，最大体积在最初四小时产生。所有奶牛均出现脱水，平均红细胞压积和总血浆蛋白浓度分别增加30%和19.6%，但血浆肌酐浓度仅略有增加。血浆Cl-浓度从引流开始时的平均97.3 mEq/L降至八小时时的平均87.2 mEq/L。随后在引流的最后几个小时浓度趋于平稳或略有增加。血浆K+浓度遵循类似模式，从平均3.9 mEq/L降至六小时时的平均2.94 mEq/L，随后直至引流结束时数值增加。除一头奶牛略有下降外，未观察到血浆Na+浓度变化。血浆钙浓度显著下降，引流结束时降至6.6±0.6 mEq/L。在引流的最初四至八小时内，静脉pH值、血浆HCO3-浓度和血浆碱剩余浓度升高，随后逐渐下降。尽管所有奶牛真胃流出物引流导致轻度低氯性代谢性碱中毒，血浆强离子差略有增加证实了这一点，但观察到的变化不如预期大。（摘要截断于250字）
