Cohen P R
Department of Dermatology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School.
Dermatol Clin. 1994 Jan;12(1):51-68.
Several laboratory diagnostic methods are available for the diagnosis, differentiation, and subtyping of HSV and VZV infections. In the office or at the bedside of a hospitalized patient, a positive Tzanck smear preparation is an inexpensive, rapid, and morphologic technique for confirming a suspected diagnosis of a herpesvirus infection. An expedient, slightly more expensive, reliable technique for establishing a HSV infection, yet not able to differentiate the subtype of that infection, is a recently marketed monoclonal antibody-based filtration type enzyme immunoassay (Kodak SureCell Herpes Test Kit). Serologic tests traditionally do not have a major role in the diagnosis of HSV infection; yet, new type-specific methods using Western blot assays may be useful for confirming the presence of unrecognized, subclinical HSV2 infections that are presently being underdiagnosed by current procedures. The gold standard for establishing the diagnosis of HSV infection has been the viral tissue culture. The fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test and viral tissue culture have been the principal methods for diagnosing VZV infection. Immunomorphologic techniques have been useful adjuvant methods for both the diagnosis and the differentiation of HSV and VZV infections. Molecular virology techniques (particularly those using PCR) are likely to become the diagnostic methods of choice for both HSV infection and VZV infection once these tests become commercially available.
有几种实验室诊断方法可用于单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）和水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）感染的诊断、鉴别及亚型分类。在门诊或住院患者床边，Tzanck涂片检查结果呈阳性是一种用于确诊疑似疱疹病毒感染的廉价、快速且具有形态学特征的技术。一种便捷但稍贵且可靠的用于确诊HSV感染但无法区分其感染亚型的技术，是最近上市的基于单克隆抗体的过滤型酶免疫测定法（柯达SureCell疱疹检测试剂盒）。传统上，血清学检测在HSV感染的诊断中作用不大；然而，使用蛋白质印迹法的新型特异性检测方法可能有助于确诊目前现行检测方法诊断不足的未被识别的亚临床HSV2感染。确诊HSV感染的金标准一直是病毒组织培养。膜抗原荧光抗体检测和病毒组织培养一直是诊断VZV感染的主要方法。免疫形态学技术一直是HSV和VZV感染诊断及鉴别的有用辅助方法。一旦这些检测方法商业化，分子病毒学技术（尤其是那些使用聚合酶链反应的技术）很可能会成为HSV感染和VZV感染的首选诊断方法。
