Solomon Z, Neria Y, Ohry A, Waysman M, Ginzburg K
Mental Health Department, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces.
Am J Psychiatry. 1994 Apr;151(4):554-9. doi: 10.1176/ajp.151.4.554.
The aim of this study was to assess the long-term impact of war captivity and combat stress reaction on rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Israeli veterans of the 1973 Yom Kippur war.
One hundred sixty-four former prisoners of war (POWs), 112 veterans who had had combat stress reaction, and 184 combat veteran comparison subjects filled out the PTSD Inventory, a self-report scale based on the DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD. The inventory diagnoses past and present PTSD, assesses its intensity, and provides a symptom profile.
Thirty-seven percent of the veterans who had had combat stress reaction, 23% of the former POWs, and 14% of the comparison subjects had had diagnosable PTSD at some time in the past. The current rates were 13%, 13%, and 3%, respectively. The results showed different recovery rates over time: almost two-thirds of the veterans with combat stress reaction who had had PTSD in the past recovered, while less than one-half of the POW group showed this improvement.
These findings indicate that small but significant proportions of the POWs and veterans with combat stress reaction were still suffering from PTSD almost two decades after the war. The different recovery rates in the two groups may reflect the differences in duration and severity of stressors, the impact of immediate intervention on long-term adjustment, or both.
本研究旨在评估战争囚禁和战斗应激反应对1973年赎罪日战争中以色列退伍军人创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）发生率的长期影响。
164名前战俘、112名曾有战斗应激反应的退伍军人以及184名战斗退伍军人对照受试者填写了PTSD量表，这是一种基于DSM-III-R创伤后应激障碍标准的自我报告量表。该量表可诊断过去和现在的创伤后应激障碍，评估其严重程度，并提供症状概况。
曾有战斗应激反应的退伍军人中，37%在过去的某个时候被诊断患有创伤后应激障碍，前战俘中有23%，对照受试者中有14%。目前的比例分别为13%、13%和3%。结果显示，随着时间推移恢复率不同：过去曾患创伤后应激障碍的有战斗应激反应的退伍军人中，近三分之二康复，而战俘组中只有不到一半有这种改善。
这些发现表明，战争结束近二十年后，仍有一小部分但比例显著的战俘和有战斗应激反应的退伍军人患有创伤后应激障碍。两组不同的恢复率可能反映了应激源的持续时间和严重程度的差异、即时干预对长期适应的影响，或两者皆有。
