Kaoutzanis M, Yokota M, Sibilia R, Peterson J W
Laboratory for Cerebrovascular Biophysics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
J Neurosci Methods. 1993 Dec;50(3):301-7. doi: 10.1016/0165-0270(93)90037-r.
The pathophysiology of cerebral vasospasm is complex and multifactorial. The present study sought to identify the degree of correlation between cerebral vasospasm as observed angiographically and clinical evaluation of an animal's neurologic status in the canine model following a single and double experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) protocol. Nineteen mongrel dogs underwent single or double experimental SAH by percutaneous needle puncture of the cisterna magna and placement of a subarachnoid blood clot in the basal cistern on day 1 and day 4, respectively. At 72 h after each experimental SAH, vertebral angiography was performed and compared to control angiography. Basilar artery diameter measured at multiple positions was expressed as percentage of control diameter. Clinical evaluation of the animals was performed every day throughout the experiments. To assess the degree of neurologic impairment we developed a coma scale that efficiently estimated motor ability, eye response and eating habits of the animals. Vasoconstriction after experimental SAH reduced mean basilar artery diameter to 79.1% (+/- 5.4) of control diameter following single SAH and to 69.0% (+/- 2.1) of control diameter following double SAH. No changes were observed in the neurologic behavior of the animals throughout the experiment. Since a principal characteristic of human cerebral vasospasm is the close correlation between arterial constriction and neurological deficit, we believe that the canine model of SAH, although good in creating cerebral arterial vasoconstriction, does not fully represent the best model of human cerebral vasospasm.
脑血管痉挛的病理生理学是复杂且多因素的。本研究旨在确定在犬类模型中，经单次和双次实验性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）方案后，血管造影观察到的脑血管痉挛程度与动物神经状态的临床评估之间的相关程度。19只杂种犬分别在第1天和第4天通过经皮穿刺枕大池并在基底池放置蛛网膜下腔血凝块，进行单次或双次实验性SAH。每次实验性SAH后72小时，进行椎动脉血管造影，并与对照血管造影进行比较。在多个位置测量的基底动脉直径表示为对照直径的百分比。在整个实验过程中每天对动物进行临床评估。为了评估神经功能损害的程度，我们制定了一个昏迷量表，该量表能有效评估动物的运动能力、眼部反应和饮食习惯。实验性SAH后的血管收缩使单次SAH后基底动脉平均直径降至对照直径的79.1%（±5.4），双次SAH后降至对照直径的69.0%（±2.1）。在整个实验过程中未观察到动物神经行为的变化。由于人类脑血管痉挛的一个主要特征是动脉收缩与神经功能缺损之间密切相关，我们认为SAH犬类模型虽然在产生脑动脉血管收缩方面效果良好，但并不能完全代表人类脑血管痉挛的最佳模型。
