Blomquist G
National Institute of Occupational Health, Analytical Chemistry Division, Umeå, Sweden.
Analyst. 1994 Jan;119(1):53-6. doi: 10.1039/an9941900053.
Sampling strategy, sampling and analysis of different biological particles, mainly fungal spores and bacteria, are reviewed. The sampling is strongly dependent on the environment, time of year and activity at the workplace. The choice of suitable sampling equipment depends on the levels of airborne micro-organisms. For sampling in non-industrial indoor environments (< 10(6) micro-organisms m-3), slit samplers, cascade impactors and multistage impingers can be used. At high concentrations of airborne micro-organisms (> 10(6) micro-organisms m-3), other types of methods must be used because the slit samplers and cascade impactors, such as Andersen samplers, are often overloaded. Sampling using polycarbonate filters is one method that can be used. Other useful methods are, for example, multistage liquid impingers or an Aerojet General Glass Cyclone. Analysis of the filter by cultivation gives lower values than microscopy. Direct analysis of the filter by scanning electron microscopy results in values that are 2-3 times higher than those obtained by analysis using Acridine Orange staining and epifluorescence microscopy. Suspension of biological particles in liquid before microscopic analysis results in the observation of more single spores, which suggests that large spore aggregates break down during suspension.
本文综述了不同生物颗粒（主要是真菌孢子和细菌）的采样策略、采样及分析方法。采样很大程度上取决于环境、一年中的时间以及工作场所的活动情况。合适的采样设备的选择取决于空气中微生物的浓度。对于非工业室内环境（<10⁶个微生物/立方米）中的采样，可使用狭缝采样器、级联撞击器和多级冲击器。在空气中微生物浓度较高（>10⁶个微生物/立方米）时，必须使用其他类型的方法，因为狭缝采样器和级联撞击器，如安德森采样器，常常会过载。使用聚碳酸酯滤膜进行采样是一种可行的方法。其他有用的方法，例如多级液体冲击器或航空喷气通用玻璃旋风分离器。通过培养对滤膜进行分析得到的值低于显微镜观察的值。通过扫描电子显微镜对滤膜进行直接分析得到的值比使用吖啶橙染色和落射荧光显微镜分析得到的值高2至3倍。在显微镜分析前将生物颗粒悬浮在液体中会观察到更多的单个孢子，这表明大的孢子聚集体在悬浮过程中会分解。
