Tröster H
Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Psychologie und Sportwissenschaft, Federal Republic of Germany.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1994 Feb;22(1):79-97. doi: 10.1007/BF02169257.
Caregivers in nine residential care institutions rated the occurrence of 15 stereotyped behaviors in 142 nonhandicapped children aged from 10 months to 11 years. The frequency and duration of each stereotypy as well as the typical situations in which it occurred were assessed. The most frequent stereotypies were thumbsucking, hair twisting, and body rocking in infants and young children; thumbsucking and making faces in preschool-age children; and nail biting/chewing in school-age children. Boys exhibited stereotypies more frequently than girls, and children with a suspected history of child abuse more frequently than other children. Typical situations for stereotypies could be classified to four types: concentration/demand, arousal/frustration, boredom/monotony, and stimulation/distraction. Nail biting/chewing and lip biting occurred predominantly in concentration/demand; thumbsucking and hair twisting in boredom/monotony; and pulling faces and scratching oneself in arousal/frustration and concentration/demand situations. These results provide preliminary indications regarding the different functions of individual stereotypies.
九家寄宿护理机构的护理人员对142名年龄在10个月至11岁之间的非残疾儿童的15种刻板行为的发生情况进行了评级。评估了每种刻板行为的频率、持续时间以及发生的典型情境。最常见的刻板行为在婴幼儿中是吮拇指、捻发和身体摇晃；在学龄前儿童中是吮拇指和做鬼脸；在学龄儿童中是咬/嚼指甲。男孩比女孩更频繁地表现出刻板行为，有疑似虐待儿童史的儿童比其他儿童更频繁。刻板行为的典型情境可分为四类：专注/需求、唤醒/挫折、无聊/单调和刺激/分心。咬/嚼指甲和咬嘴唇主要发生在专注/需求情境中；吮拇指和捻发发生在无聊/单调情境中；做鬼脸和抓挠自己发生在唤醒/挫折和专注/需求情境中。这些结果为个体刻板行为的不同功能提供了初步迹象。
