Deci E L, Eghrari H, Patrick B C, Leone D R
Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, NY 14627.
J Pers. 1994 Mar;62(1):119-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00797.x.
Self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985) posits that (a) people are inherently motivated to internalize the regulation of uninteresting though important activities; (b) there are two different processes through which such internalization can occur, resulting in qualitatively different styles of self-regulation; and (c) the social context influences which internalization process and regulatory style occur. The two types of internalization are introjection, which entails taking in a value or regulatory process but not accepting it as one's own, and integration, through which the regulation is assimilated with one's core sense of self. Introjection results in internally controlling regulation, whereas integration results in self-determination. An experiment supported our hypothesis that three facilitating contextual factors--namely, providing a meaningful rationale, acknowledging the behaver's feelings, and conveying choice--promote internalization, as evidenced by the subsequent self-regulation of behavior. This experiment also supported our expectation that when the social context supports self-determination, integration tends to occur, whereas when the context does not support self-determination, introjection tends to occur.
自我决定理论（德西和瑞安，1985）认为：（a）人们天生就有动力将对无趣但重要的活动的调节内化为自身的调节；（b）有两种不同的过程可以实现这种内化，从而产生质上不同的自我调节方式；（c）社会环境会影响哪种内化过程和调节方式会出现。两种内化类型分别是内摄，即接受一种价值观或调节过程但不将其视为自己的，以及整合，通过这种方式调节与个体的核心自我意识相融合。内摄导致内部控制调节，而整合导致自我决定。一项实验支持了我们的假设，即三个促进性的情境因素——即提供有意义的理由、认可行为者的感受以及传达选择——会促进内化，行为随后的自我调节就证明了这一点。该实验还支持了我们的预期，即当社会环境支持自我决定时，整合倾向于发生，而当环境不支持自我决定时，内摄倾向于发生。
