[Hyperosmolar Coma].

For some little time it has been known that hyperosmolar coma is a clinical condition which may arise from various causes and yet is based on a fundamental pathophysiological disturbance: extracellular hyperosmolarity, usually accompanied by hyperglycemia or hypernatremia. The clinical and biological picture is easily recognizable and requires immediate and massive rehydration with hypotonic solutions. Many pathological uncertainties still exist, but one thing is certain and of great importance: in many cases, hyperosmolar coma is the result of errors or negligence: for this reason it is essential know this syndrome so that it may be better avoided.