Braaten J T
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Geriatrics. 1987 Nov;42(11):83-8, 92.
Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma (HHNC) is a syndrome of acute decompensation of diabetes mellitus, occurring mainly in the elderly and characterized by marked hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, severe dehydration, occasional neurological signs, obtunded sensorium, and absence of ketonemia or acidosis. The mortality is high. Early aggressive therapy with large amounts of normal or half normal saline, insulin, and potassium is of prime importance. Since associated diseases cause most fatalities the importance of managing these problems effectively cannot be overemphasized. Complications of therapy can be congestive heart failure secondary to excessive fluid administration, hypoglycemia if too much insulin is given, and hypokalemia if potassium is inadequately replaced.
高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷（HHNC）是糖尿病急性失代偿综合征，主要发生于老年人，其特征为显著高血糖、高渗状态、严重脱水、偶有神经体征、意识迟钝以及无酮血症或酸中毒。死亡率很高。早期积极使用大量等渗或半等渗盐水、胰岛素和钾进行治疗至关重要。由于相关疾病导致了大多数死亡病例，因此有效处理这些问题的重要性无论如何强调都不为过。治疗的并发症可能包括因液体输注过多继发的充血性心力衰竭、胰岛素给予过多导致的低血糖以及钾补充不足导致的低钾血症。
