Sherwood W C
American Red Cross Blood Services, Penn Jersey Region, Philadelphia, PA.
Dev Biol Stand. 1993;81:25-33.
Most of the blood-borne infections that have held our attention during the last half of this century have been well characterized. Although HIV and the hepatitis viruses have enormous world-wide public health implications, there has been considerable success in their prevention of transmission by transfusion. The technology is available to treat and eliminate from virtually all non-cellular blood products the transmission of disease caused by those viruses for which we have had the greatest concern. However, for the cellular blood products the basic methods of prevention continue to be imperfect: donor selection and viral serological testing. The significance of the transmission of blood-borne agents by these products depends upon the frequency of the agent in the donor population and the serological screening performed. There is a marked degree of variation in frequency of these infections, dependent upon geography, living conditions, and life style. Data on the frequency of transfusion-transmitted disease are meagre and usually based upon indirect estimates. In the United States the frequency of the transmission of HIV by cellular blood products is estimated to be 1:125,000 products transfused. A similar estimate for the transmission of hepatitis is 1:200 products transfused. For the developing countries, some of which experience the highest rates of hepatitis and HIV infection in their populations, data on the frequency of transfusion transmission are not generally available. In recent years, new evidence has stimulated interest in a few transfusion-transmissible diseases that, although uncommon from the public health perspective, have both real and potential transfusion impacts for the use of plasma and plasma derivatives as well as cellular products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
在本世纪后半叶引起我们关注的大多数血源性感染都已得到充分描述。尽管艾滋病毒和肝炎病毒对全球公共卫生有着巨大影响，但在通过输血预防其传播方面已取得了相当大的成功。现有技术可用于治疗并几乎从所有非细胞血液制品中消除由我们最为关注的那些病毒引起的疾病传播。然而，对于细胞血液制品而言，基本的预防方法仍然不够完善：即献血者选择和病毒血清学检测。这些制品传播血源性病原体的重要性取决于病原体在献血人群中的出现频率以及所进行的血清学筛查。这些感染的频率存在显著差异，这取决于地理位置、生活条件和生活方式。关于输血传播疾病频率的数据匮乏，且通常基于间接估计。在美国，细胞血液制品传播艾滋病毒的频率估计为每125,000次输血制品中有1例。肝炎传播的类似估计为每200次输血制品中有1例。对于一些人群中肝炎和艾滋病毒感染率最高的发展中国家，输血传播频率的数据通常不可得。近年来，新的证据激发了人们对一些可通过输血传播的疾病的兴趣，这些疾病尽管从公共卫生角度来看并不常见，但对血浆及血浆衍生物以及细胞制品的使用有着实际和潜在的输血影响。（摘要截选至250词）
