Chromatin condensation and histone H1 kinase activity during growth and maturation of rabbit oocytes.

Fully grown rabbit oocytes, isolated from preovulatory follicles, exhibit highly condensed bivalents within an intact germinal vesicle while a very low level of histone H1 kinase activity could be detected in their extracts. Chromatin condensation started in growing oocytes isolated from antral follicles presenting a diameter of 0.5 mm. This event was accompanied by a transient rise in histone H1 kinase activity which culminated in large antral follicles measuring 0.75 to 1 mm in diameter. However, the extent of histone H1 kinase activity observed in these growing oocytes remained far less important than that recorded in extracts prepared from in vitro cultured metaphase I and metaphase II oocytes. Moreover, this activity was insufficient to induce germinal vesicle breakdown which will only occur with an increasing efficiency, following in vitro culture of medium, large, and fully grown antral follicles.