Kaneko T, Mori H, Iwata M, Meguro S
Central Research Institute, Meiji Milk Products Company, Tokyo, Japan.
J Dairy Sci. 1994 Feb;77(2):393-404. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)76965-4.
A bifidogenic growth stimulator was present in the cell-free filtrate of Propionibacterium freudenreichii 7025 culture and in the methanol extract fraction of the cells. Several intestinal bacteria, such as Bacteroides, Enterobacter, and Enterococcus, which also released a growth stimulator for bifidobacteria, may play an important role in regulation of a bifidobacterial population in colonic microflora. The water-soluble stimulator from the methanol extract of the cells was partially purified. The molecular weight of the stimulator appeared to be < 3000. The stimulatory activity was unaffected by treatments with pronase, carboxypeptidase A, ribonuclease, or nuclease P1 and was heat stable over a wide pH range. This stimulator differed from cyanocobalamin and from organic acids, such as acetate and propionate. Because it was stable to heat and proteolytic enzymes, the stimulator is a useful bifidogenic factor that can reach the large intestine while retaining its activity. Short-chain fatty acids were highly inhibitory to the growth of many intestinal bacteria, particularly Gram-negative facultative and obligatory anaerobes. The short-chain fatty acids (especially propionate) stimulated the growth of bifidobacteria. The growth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis 6003 was further enhanced in the presence of short-chain fatty acids and the stimulator produced by P. freudenreichii 7025. Viable counts of strain 6003 grown with Bacteroides vulgatus JCM 5826T increased more than 10(4) over those of the single culture of strain 6003. However, the growth of strain 6003 was inhibited in the mixed culture with Clostridium perfringens 7028. In continuous culture, the growth of bifidobacterial strain 6003 could be greatly enhanced, even in the presence of clostridial strain 7028, in media with short-chain fatty acids and stimulator produced by P. freudenreichii 7025.
费氏丙酸杆菌7025培养物的无细胞滤液以及细胞的甲醇提取物组分中存在一种双歧杆菌生长刺激物。几种肠道细菌，如拟杆菌属、肠杆菌属和肠球菌属，也能释放双歧杆菌生长刺激物，它们可能在结肠微生物群中双歧杆菌种群的调节中发挥重要作用。对细胞甲醇提取物中的水溶性刺激物进行了部分纯化。该刺激物的分子量似乎小于3000。该刺激活性不受链霉蛋白酶、羧肽酶A、核糖核酸酶或核酸酶P1处理的影响，并且在很宽的pH范围内具有热稳定性。这种刺激物不同于钴胺素和乙酸盐、丙酸盐等有机酸。由于它对热和蛋白水解酶稳定，所以该刺激物是一种有用的双歧因子，能够在保持其活性的同时到达大肠。短链脂肪酸对许多肠道细菌的生长具有高度抑制作用，尤其是革兰氏阴性兼性厌氧菌和专性厌氧菌。短链脂肪酸（尤其是丙酸盐）能刺激双歧杆菌的生长。在短链脂肪酸和费氏丙酸杆菌7025产生的刺激物存在的情况下，青春双歧杆菌6003的生长进一步增强。与脆弱拟杆菌JCM 5826T共同培养的6003菌株的活菌数比6003菌株单培养时增加了10^4以上。然而，6003菌株在与产气荚膜梭菌7028的混合培养中生长受到抑制。在连续培养中，即使存在梭菌菌株7028，在含有短链脂肪酸和费氏丙酸杆菌7025产生的刺激物的培养基中，双歧杆菌菌株6003的生长也能得到极大增强。
