Kirby R L, Thoren F A, Ashton B D, Ackroyd-Stolarz S A
Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994 May;75(5):525-34.
Although properly adjusted rear-antitip devices on wheelchairs prevent rear-tipping accidents, many wheelchair users do not use them because they limit manueverability. This study evaluated the use and effectiveness of antitip devices, particularly the effect of the devices' position on rear stability and maneuverability. In an epidemiologic study of the use of antitip devices, using a database of noninstitutionalized users of manually propelled chairs, we found no significant difference in the incidence or nature of rear-tipping accidents between the 167 who used antitip devices and the 399 who did not. We also evaluated seven common manually propelled wheelchairs, occupied by an anthropomorphic test dummy, with and without antitip devices. The added stability provided by the antitip devices varied considerably (from -1.0 to 27.1 degrees) depending on the type of chair, the configuration of the chair and the position of the antitip device. A representative wheelchair was then equipped with an adjustable antitip device that allowed us to test 68 combinations of vertical and horizontal positions. The relationships between the position of the antitip device and both the measured rear-stability and maneuverability values could be expressed by significant regression equations, and correlated highly with the values predicted by a theoretical model that we developed. These relationships should assist clinicians, users and wheelchair designers in finding appropriate compromises between safety and maneuverability.
尽管轮椅上经过适当调整的后防倾翻装置可防止后翻事故，但许多轮椅使用者并不使用它们，因为这些装置会限制机动性。本研究评估了防倾翻装置的使用情况和有效性，特别是装置位置对后向稳定性和机动性的影响。在一项关于防倾翻装置使用情况的流行病学研究中，我们利用一个手动轮椅非机构化使用者的数据库，发现167名使用防倾翻装置的使用者与399名未使用防倾翻装置的使用者在发生后翻事故的发生率或性质方面没有显著差异。我们还对七个常见的手动轮椅进行了评估，轮椅上放置了一个人体模型试验假人，分别测试有无防倾翻装置的情况。防倾翻装置提供的额外稳定性因轮椅类型、轮椅配置以及防倾翻装置的位置不同而有很大差异（从-1.0度到27.1度）。然后，为一辆代表性的轮椅配备了一个可调节的防倾翻装置，使我们能够测试68种垂直和水平位置的组合。防倾翻装置的位置与测量得到的后向稳定性和机动性数值之间的关系可以用显著的回归方程来表示，并且与我们开发的理论模型预测的值高度相关。这些关系应有助于临床医生、使用者和轮椅设计师在安全性和机动性之间找到合适的平衡点。
