Kirby R L, Sampson M T, Thoren F A, MacLeod D A
Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 1995 Nov;32(4):367-72.
When a wheelchair user reaches and leans, the static stability decreases in the direction of the lean and increases in the opposite direction. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of this effect. We studied 21 nondisabled subjects in a representative wheelchair, measuring the static forward, rear, and lateral stability on a tilting platform. Reaching and leaning away from the tip added stability, with mean increases ranging from 9.1% to 124.3% of the neutral-position values, whereas reaching and leaning toward the tip reduced stability, with mean decreases ranging from 25.2% to 52.3% (p < 0.0001). The stability range ("away" minus "toward") varied from 52.4% to 149.5%. Reaching forward had a greater effect on stability than did reaching back or to the side. Wheelchair users with the ability to control their body positions can profoundly affect the stability of their wheelchairs, a factor that should be considered in wheelchair selection and training.
当轮椅使用者伸手并倾斜时，静态稳定性会在倾斜方向上降低，而在相反方向上增加。本研究的目的是确定这种影响的程度。我们让21名非残疾受试者使用代表性轮椅，在倾斜平台上测量静态向前、向后和侧向稳定性。远离轮椅前端伸手并倾斜会增加稳定性，平均增加幅度为中立位置值的9.1%至124.3%，而朝着轮椅前端伸手并倾斜则会降低稳定性，平均降低幅度为25.2%至52.3%（p < 0.0001）。稳定性范围（“远离”减去“朝着”）从52.4%到149.5%不等。向前伸手对稳定性的影响比对向后或向侧面伸手的影响更大。能够控制身体姿势的轮椅使用者会深刻影响其轮椅的稳定性，这一因素在轮椅选择和训练中应予以考虑。
