Ornoy A, Giron S, Aner R, Goldstein M, Boyan B D, Schwartz Z
Department of Anatomy, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Bone Miner. 1994 Jan;24(1):43-58. doi: 10.1016/s0169-6009(08)80130-4.
This study examined the effects of estrogen (17 beta-estradiol) and testosterone on the growth of long bones in male and female mice, with and without gonadectomy. Weight and nose-to-tail length were determined at 3 weeks of age at time of gonadectomy, 7 days later at the onset of hormone therapy, and throughout the treatment period. Gonadectomized mice exhibited an initial weight gain during the pretreatment period but length was unaffected. Hormone treatment altered weight gain in surgical and intact animals in a gender- and hormone-dependent manner. Estradiol enhanced weight gain in intact mice, but inhibited weight gain in ovariectomized mice. Lower doses of estradiol increased weight gain in orchiectomized mice at early time points. Testosterone increased weight in intact females and males, but not in gonadectomized mice. Estradiol increased nose-to-tail length in intact females at early time points, but inhibited length in ovariectomized females at later times, and it decreased length in intact males. Testosterone increased length in normal females and normal males. Serum Ca was unaffected by ovariectomy, but orchiectomy resulted in decreased levels. Estradiol reduced serum Ca in gonadectomized animals; serum Ca was increased by estradiol treatment in intact females. Changes in tibial bone weight, ash weight and mineral composition, and relative sizes of epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone were gender-, gonadectomy- and hormone-specific. Bone weight was greater in ovariectomized mice. Ash weight per bone was comparable, but there was an increase in Ca and P content with ovariectomy. Estradiol increased bone weight, ash content, and bone Ca and P in ovariectomized and intact females. Orchiectomy alone did not alter bone weight, ash content, or Ca and P, but orchiectomized mice were sensitive to estradiol; all parameters were increased in the orchiectomized animals treated with estradiol. Analysis of the ash content and Ca and P per mg bone, rather than per bone, demonstrated estradiol and testosterone alter net bone formation, but not the amount of mineral per unit bone. Ovariectomy increased hypertrophic cartilage. While estradiol did not alter tibial area in ovariectomized mice, it caused an increase in intact females. The total amount of growth plate cartilage in ovariectomized animals was decreased by estradiol to levels typical of intact animals due to a greater decrease in the hypertrophic cartilage in the ovariectomized mice, as well as a greater increase in metaphyseal bone area. Testosterone had no effect on these parameters in the females. Orchiectomy decreased the amount of growth plate cartilage, but increased the hypertrophic zone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
本研究考察了雌激素（17β - 雌二醇）和睾酮对有或无性腺切除的雄性和雌性小鼠长骨生长的影响。在3周龄进行性腺切除时、切除后7天开始激素治疗时以及整个治疗期间，测定小鼠体重和鼻尾长度。性腺切除的小鼠在预处理期间体重最初增加，但长度未受影响。激素治疗以性别和激素依赖的方式改变了手术切除和未切除动物的体重增加。雌二醇增加了未切除小鼠的体重增加，但抑制了卵巢切除小鼠的体重增加。较低剂量的雌二醇在早期增加了睾丸切除小鼠的体重增加。睾酮增加了未切除的雌性和雄性小鼠的体重，但对性腺切除的小鼠无效。雌二醇在早期增加了未切除雌性小鼠的鼻尾长度，但在后期抑制了卵巢切除雌性小鼠的长度，并且它减少了未切除雄性小鼠的长度。睾酮增加了正常雌性和正常雄性小鼠的长度。血清钙不受卵巢切除的影响，但睾丸切除导致血清钙水平降低。雌二醇降低了性腺切除动物的血清钙；雌二醇治疗使未切除雌性小鼠的血清钙增加。胫骨骨重量、灰分重量和矿物质组成以及骨骺和干骺端骨的相对大小的变化具有性别、性腺切除和激素特异性。卵巢切除小鼠的骨重量更大。每块骨的灰分重量相当，但卵巢切除后钙和磷含量增加。雌二醇增加了卵巢切除和未切除雌性小鼠的骨重量、灰分含量以及骨钙和磷。单独睾丸切除未改变骨重量、灰分含量或钙和磷，但睾丸切除的小鼠对雌二醇敏感；用雌二醇治疗的睾丸切除动物的所有参数均增加。对每毫克骨而非每块骨的灰分含量以及钙和磷的分析表明，雌二醇和睾酮改变了净骨形成，但未改变单位骨的矿物质含量。卵巢切除增加了肥大软骨。虽然雌二醇未改变卵巢切除小鼠的胫骨面积，但它使未切除雌性小鼠的胫骨面积增加。由于卵巢切除小鼠中肥大软骨的更大减少以及干骺端骨面积的更大增加，雌二醇使卵巢切除动物的生长板软骨总量减少至未切除动物的典型水平。睾酮对雌性小鼠的这些参数没有影响。睾丸切除减少了生长板软骨的量，但增加了肥大区。（摘要截断于400字）
