Starnes W R, Loeb R C
Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn.
J Gen Psychol. 1993 Oct;120(4):463-71. doi: 10.1080/00221309.1993.9711160.
In some individuals, noise appears to have an adverse effect on memory recall. This decrement may result from a shift in the memory strategy being employed. Studies have shown memory strategies used by persons with an internal locus of control differ from those used by persons with an external locus of control. The present investigation asked subjects who were classified as either internal or external in locus of control to recall words presented under conditions of noise and of quiet. Word recall was aided by providing subjects with potential memory strategies. Each word list included words from meaningful content categories (which favor a semantic strategy) and word pairs that rhymed (which favor a perceptual strategy). Though internal and external subjects did not differ in total words recalled, they did differ in their use of strategies. Whereas internal subjects' strategies were unaffected by noise, external subjects decreased their use of the higher level semantic memory strategy (content categories) and increased their use of lower level perpetual (rhymes) strategy in the noise condition. The results are discussed in terms of a differential arousal hypothesis.
在一些个体中，噪音似乎会对记忆回忆产生不利影响。这种记忆力减退可能是由于所采用的记忆策略发生了转变。研究表明，具有内控倾向的人所使用的记忆策略与具有外控倾向的人不同。本研究要求被归类为内控型或外控型的受试者在噪音和安静条件下回忆呈现的单词。通过为受试者提供潜在的记忆策略来辅助单词回忆。每个单词列表都包括来自有意义内容类别的单词（有利于语义策略）和押韵的单词对（有利于感知策略）。尽管内控型和外控型受试者在回忆的总单词数上没有差异，但他们在策略的使用上确实存在差异。在内控型受试者中，策略不受噪音影响，而在外控型受试者中，在噪音条件下，他们减少了对较高层次语义记忆策略（内容类别）的使用，增加了对较低层次感知（押韵）策略的使用。将根据差异唤醒假说对结果进行讨论。
