Kraft J M, Werner J S
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0345.
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 1994 Apr;11(4):1213-21. doi: 10.1364/josaa.11.001213.
Spectral efficiency functions were measured for 50 color-normal observers (aged 19-85 years) by means of heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) and heterochromatic brightness matching (HBM). Foveally viewed, circular, 1.2 degrees-diameter stimuli were presented as 3-s flashes (50% duty cycle) in Maxwellian view. Monochromatic lights (420-700 nm; 16 wavelengths) were equated to a 100-Td (trolands), broadband white standard in both procedures. In both HFP and HBM, average sensitivity (specified at the cornea) decreased at short wavelengths with increasing age, consistent with age-related increases in the density of the ocular media. The short-wavelength HBM decline was of lower magnitude than the HFP decline. HFP data were modeled by a weighted additive combination of long- and middle-wavelength-cone inputs and density spectra of the ocular media and macular pigment. HBM data were analyzed with an upper envelope of additive and subtractive combinations of log-transformed cone absorption functions. These analyses indicated that HBM sensitivity, specified at the retina by correction for estimated lens and macular pigment density, increased with age in an approximately wavelength-independent manner over a broad range from 420 to 560 nm.
通过异色闪烁光度法（HFP）和异色亮度匹配法（HBM），对50名色觉正常的观察者（年龄在19 - 85岁之间）测量了光谱效率函数。在麦克斯韦观察法中，以3秒的闪光（占空比50%）呈现中心凹观察的直径为1.2度的圆形刺激。在这两种方法中，单色光（420 - 700纳米；16个波长）都与100特罗兰（trolands）的宽带白色标准相等。在HFP和HBM中，平均敏感度（在角膜处指定）在短波长时随年龄增长而降低，这与眼内介质密度随年龄增加一致。短波长HBM的下降幅度低于HFP的下降幅度。HFP数据通过长波长和中波长视锥细胞输入以及眼内介质和黄斑色素密度光谱的加权相加组合进行建模。HBM数据通过对数变换后的视锥细胞吸收函数的相加和相减组合的上包络进行分析。这些分析表明，通过校正估计的晶状体和黄斑色素密度在视网膜处指定的HBM敏感度，在420至560纳米的宽范围内随年龄增长以近似波长无关的方式增加。
