van der Gulden J W, Verbeek A L, Kolk J J
Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Br J Urol. 1994 Apr;73(4):382-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1994.tb07601.x.
To evaluate the role of tobacco and alcohol consumption in the aetiology of prostate cancer.
In a case-control study conducted in the Netherlands, information on smoking and drinking habits was obtained from questionnaires completed by 345 patients exhibiting primary prostate cancer and by 1346 controls with benign prostate hyperplasia. The response rate was 79%.
No association was observed between drinking habits and the risk of prostate cancer (324 cases versus 1237 controls; odds ratio 1.36; 95%CI 0.84-2.22). A significantly elevated odds ratio was found for individuals who had smoked at any time during their lives (329 cases versus 1212 controls; odds ratio 2.12; 95%CI 1.24-3.62). However, no relationship was observed between the number of cigarettes smoked, the duration of smoking, the age at which the subjects started smoking or with the calendar period in which they were born. Odds ratios calculated for individuals who smoked in consecutive 5-year periods between 1940 and 1989 did not show any trend. Furthermore, the risk of prostate cancer among ex-smokers did not differ significantly from the risk among current smokers, even when smoking was stopped more than 25 years previously.
From these findings, which do not point to the causative agent, it would appear that neither smoking nor alcohol consumption seriously increases the risk of prostate cancer.
评估烟草和酒精消费在前列腺癌病因学中的作用。
在荷兰进行的一项病例对照研究中，通过对345例原发性前列腺癌患者和1346例良性前列腺增生对照者填写的问卷获取吸烟和饮酒习惯信息。应答率为79%。
未观察到饮酒习惯与前列腺癌风险之间存在关联（324例病例对1237例对照；比值比1.36；95%置信区间0.84 - 2.22）。对于一生中曾在任何时候吸烟的个体，发现比值比显著升高（329例病例对1212例对照；比值比2.12；95%置信区间1.24 - 3.62）。然而，未观察到吸烟数量、吸烟持续时间、开始吸烟年龄或其出生年份与前列腺癌之间存在关系。对1940年至1989年期间连续5年吸烟的个体计算的比值比未显示任何趋势。此外，即使戒烟超过25年，既往吸烟者患前列腺癌的风险与当前吸烟者相比也无显著差异。
这些结果未指向致病因素，似乎吸烟和饮酒均不会严重增加前列腺癌风险。
