Tuomilehto J, Schranz A, Aldana D, Pitkäniemi J
National Public Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Finland.
Diabet Med. 1994 Mar;11(2):170-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1994.tb02015.x.
A random sample of the middle-aged population of Malta was studied in a diabetic survey in 1981. Among the 1537 survey responders, in 659 men and 878 women aged 40 years or more the prevalence of diabetes was 16% in men and 18% in women, and that of IGT 5% in both sexes. By the end of 1985, 90 subjects (49 men: 41 women) had died. Mortality/100 (95% CI) was among subjects with normal, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in the age group 40-59 years 12 (5-19), 25 (23-73), and 61 (17-148), and in the age group of more than 60 years, 102 (68-136), 148 (59-237), and 178 (122-234), respectively. Age standardized mortality/1000 was in men 51, 28, and 100, and in women 34, 33, and 72 in the three categories of glucose tolerance, respectively. Among diabetic subjects aged 40-64 years the risk of death was increased seven-fold as compared with normoglycaemic subjects. Among men there was an inverse association between body mass index and mortality in all categories of glucose tolerance. Among women, no clear trend between body mass index and mortality was found. The relative risk of death for subjects with diabetes adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index was 2.2 (odds ratio: 95% CI 1.40 to 3.42) as compared with non-diabetic subjects. The age-adjusted survival curves for normoglycaemic subjects were similar for men and women. Among subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance the survival was slightly better in women than in men (p = 0.056). About half of the deaths were from cardiovascular disease and 7% from diabetes mellitus.
1981年，在一项糖尿病调查中对马耳他中年人群进行了随机抽样研究。在1537名参与调查者中，659名男性和878名40岁及以上女性中，糖尿病患病率男性为16%，女性为18%，糖耐量受损（IGT）患病率在两性中均为5%。到1985年底，90名受试者（49名男性：41名女性）死亡。40 - 59岁年龄组中，血糖正常、糖耐量受损和糖尿病受试者的死亡率/100（95%可信区间）分别为12（5 - 19）、25（23 - 73）和61（17 - 148）；60岁以上年龄组分别为102（68 - 136）、148（59 - 237）和178（122 - 234）。按年龄标准化的死亡率/1000，在糖耐量的三个类别中，男性分别为51、28和100，女性分别为34、33和72。在40 - 64岁的糖尿病受试者中，死亡风险比血糖正常者增加了7倍。在男性中，体重指数与所有糖耐量类别中的死亡率呈负相关。在女性中，未发现体重指数与死亡率之间有明显趋势。调整年龄、性别和体重指数后，糖尿病受试者的死亡相对风险为2.2（比值比：95%可信区间1.40至3.42），与非糖尿病受试者相比。血糖正常受试者的年龄调整生存曲线在男性和女性中相似。糖耐量异常的受试者中，女性的生存率略高于男性（p = 0.056）。约一半的死亡原因是心血管疾病，7%是糖尿病。
