Chapman R A, Tolman J H, Cole C
Agriculture Canada, London Research Centre, Ontario.
J Environ Sci Health B. 1994 May;29(3):485-506. doi: 10.1080/03601239409372892.
Potatoes were grown during 1992 in 2 m2 plots of loam which had received 1, 2 or 3 annual treatments of Di-Syston 15G, equivalent to 3.36 kg AI/ha, in furrow at planting. The presence of enhanced degradative activity to the sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites of disulfoton in the soil treated in the previous two years was confirmed by laboratory tests prior to the 1992 treatments. Soil, seed potato and foliage from the three treatments were analyzed for disulfoton and its sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites for 12 wk following planting/treatment. Disulfoton was the major insecticidal component of the soil, a minor component of the seed piece and was not detected (< 0.02 ppm) in potato foliage. Disulfoton concentrations in each of the three substrates sampled were similar for the three treatments. Disulfoton sulfoxide and sulfone were the major insecticidal components of the seed piece and foliage. Their maximum concentrations in 1st year soil, seed pieces and foliage were ca. 2x, 2x and 6x, respectively, those measured in the 2nd and 3rd year treatments. The results demonstrate that enhanced microbial degradation of relatively minor insecticidal compounds in the soil can profoundly affect insecticide levels in the plant when these compounds are the major insecticidal components accumulated. The broader implications for crop protection using soil-applied systemic insecticides are discussed.
1992年，在2平方米的壤土地块上种植了马铃薯，这些地块在种植时沟施了1、2或3次的地亚农15G，每年施用量相当于3.36千克有效成分/公顷。在1992年处理之前，通过实验室测试确认了在前两年处理过的土壤中，对乙拌磷的亚砜和砜代谢物具有增强的降解活性。在种植/处理后的12周内，对三种处理的土壤、种薯和叶片进行了乙拌磷及其亚砜和砜代谢物的分析。乙拌磷是土壤中的主要杀虫成分，是种薯中的次要成分，在马铃薯叶片中未检测到（<0.02 ppm）。三种处理的三种采样基质中的乙拌磷浓度相似。乙拌磷亚砜和砜是种薯和叶片中的主要杀虫成分。它们在第一年土壤、种薯和叶片中的最大浓度分别约为第二年和第三年处理中测得浓度的2倍、2倍和6倍。结果表明，当这些化合物是积累的主要杀虫成分时，土壤中相对次要的杀虫化合物的微生物降解增强会深刻影响植物中的杀虫剂水平。讨论了使用土壤施用的内吸性杀虫剂对作物保护的更广泛影响。
