Gourgoutis G, Das G
VAMC Wilkes-Barre PA.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Mar;32(3):136-41.
Cocaine is one of the illicit hallucinogenic drugs which can be conveniently taken without resorting to parenteral administration. Almost all organs systems in the body are affected by its abuse. Complications involving the nervous, cardiovascular and reproduction systems have recently been published. In this report, complications relating to gastrointestinal system are reviewed. Acute ischemic syndromes are the most prominent gastrointestinal complication of cocaine use. Severe ischemia results from intense activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors in the mesentery. This ischemia results in gastropyloric ulcerations, gangrene and perforation of small as well as large intestine and colitis. Sudden collapse and deaths have been reported in "body packers" who swallow cocaine filled condoms in an effort to smuggle the drug through the customs. Several cases of acute hepatotoxicity and hepatocellular necrosis from cocaine use have also been reported.
可卡因是一种非法致幻药物，无需肠胃外给药即可方便服用。身体几乎所有器官系统都会受到其滥用的影响。近期已发表了涉及神经、心血管和生殖系统的并发症。在本报告中，对与胃肠道系统相关的并发症进行了综述。急性缺血综合征是使用可卡因最突出的胃肠道并发症。严重缺血是由肠系膜中α-肾上腺素能受体的强烈激活导致的。这种缺血会导致胃幽门溃疡、坏疽以及小肠和大肠穿孔及结肠炎。据报道，“人体携毒者”为偷运毒品通过海关而吞食装满可卡因的避孕套，会突然虚脱甚至死亡。也有几例因使用可卡因导致急性肝毒性和肝细胞坏死的病例报告。
