Preferential alternative splicing in cancer generates a K-sam messenger RNA with higher transforming activity.

K-sam, also designated fibroblast growth factor receptor 2/BEK, was originally cloned from a stomach cancer cell line KATO-III. The gene is amplified and overexpressed preferentially in poorly differentiated types of stomach cancers. The major K-sam transcript in KATO-III cells encodes a receptor protein with a truncated carboxyl terminus and with a high-affinity binding site for keratinocyte growth factor. This truncated type is produced by an alternative splicing mechanism, and in normal tissues, the truncated type is far less prevalent than the untruncated form. The variant K-sam complementary DNA lacks tyrosine 769, which is a putative phospholipase C gamma 1 association site, and showed a higher transforming activity to NIH3T3 cells than the untruncated form, which is identical with the keratinocyte growth factor receptor.