Circulatory support devices in clinical cardiology. Current concepts.

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has extended its indications to multivessel disease and impaired left-ventricular function. In these patients, failed PTCA may induce cardiogenic shock or arrest. Coronary and circulatory support devices such as antegrade perfusion catheters, coronary sinus retrograde perfusion, intraaortic balloon pumping, left-ventricular pumping (Hemopump) and percutaneously applicable cardiopulmonary support are the tools necessary for high-risk PTCAs. The devices are a prerequisite for developing a minimally invasive cardiac surgery.