Daly C C, Helling-Giese G E, Mati J K, Hunter D J
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Genitourin Med. 1994 Apr;70(2):110-7. doi: 10.1136/sti.70.2.110.
Heterosexual transmission is the predominant mode of spread of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in most of the world. Whether the use of hormonal contraceptives, IUDs and spermicides is associated with an increased or decreased risk for HIV acquisition remains controversial. Several mechanisms whereby contraceptive methods may influence the transmission of HIV have been proposed. As contraceptive use increases among women of reproductive age, the group most vulnerable to HIV infection, any associations between contraceptive method and HIV risk become even more important. The available studies of these associations are predominantly cross-sectional and give conflicting results. We review the published evidence for associations between HIV and individual contraceptive methods. At this time no definitive conclusions regarding these associations can be drawn. Further research, especially prospective epidemiological studies and basic biological research on mechanisms of heterosexual transmission and the effect of contraceptives on these mechanisms, is urgently needed.
在世界上大多数地区，异性传播是人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的主要传播方式。使用激素避孕药、宫内节育器和杀精剂是否会增加或降低感染HIV的风险仍存在争议。已经提出了几种避孕方法可能影响HIV传播的机制。随着育龄女性（最易感染HIV的群体）中避孕措施的使用增加，避孕方法与HIV风险之间的任何关联变得更加重要。关于这些关联的现有研究主要是横断面研究，结果相互矛盾。我们回顾了已发表的关于HIV与个别避孕方法之间关联的证据。目前，关于这些关联无法得出明确结论。迫切需要进一步的研究，尤其是前瞻性流行病学研究以及关于异性传播机制和避孕药对这些机制影响的基础生物学研究。
