Shevelkin A V
P. K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow.
Neurosci Behav Physiol. 1994 Jan-Feb;24(1):115-24. doi: 10.1007/BF02355661.
The molecular-cellular mechanisms of the interrelationships between the alimentary and defense behavior of snails were investigated. The clarity of manifestation of defense reactions at various stages of the satisfaction of alimentary need was studied. It was found that the defense reactions were attenuated in starved molluscs, whereas after a 20-minute feeding session the facilitation of generalized defense reactions takes place, the clarity of manifestation of which depends on the duration of food deprivation. It was demonstrated that an increase in the level of glucose in the hemolymph of the starved molluscs to the level present in the hemolymph during a meal (1.6-2.0 mM), as well as the administration of 20-30 ng of analogs of gastrointestinal peptides (pentagastrin or cholecystokinin octapeptide, CCK-8) elicits the facilitation of generalized defense reactions similar to that found during the feeding of the snails. The directionality of the changes in the activity of the L-RPl1 neurons during the application of carrot juice to the lip of semi-intact preparations of starved snails depended on the presence of glucose in the solution bathing the central nervous system. Similar glucose-dependant changes were found after the application of CCK-8 to the CNS of starved snails, but not of FMRFamide, whereas the isolated application of glucose did not exhibit such an effect. It was found that the L-RPl1 neurons were the most sensitive to the change in the concentration of glucose and CCK-8 in the perfusate. The adaptive significance of the dependance of the clarity of manifestation of defense reactions on the level of alimentary need of the snails and the participation of glucose and gastrin or cholecystokinin-like peptide in these processes are discussed.
研究了蜗牛摄食行为与防御行为之间相互关系的分子细胞机制。研究了在满足摄食需求的不同阶段防御反应表现的清晰度。发现饥饿的软体动物的防御反应减弱，而在进食20分钟后，全身性防御反应会增强，其表现的清晰度取决于食物剥夺的持续时间。结果表明，将饥饿软体动物血淋巴中的葡萄糖水平提高到进食期间血淋巴中的水平（1.6 - 2.0 mM），以及给予20 - 30 ng的胃肠肽类似物（五肽胃泌素或八肽胆囊收缩素，CCK - 8），会引发类似于蜗牛进食时发现的全身性防御反应的增强。在饥饿蜗牛的半完整制剂的唇部施加胡萝卜汁时，L - RPl1神经元活动变化的方向性取决于浸泡中枢神经系统的溶液中是否存在葡萄糖。在向饥饿蜗牛的中枢神经系统施加CCK - 8后发现了类似的葡萄糖依赖性变化，但施加FMRF酰胺后未发现，而单独施加葡萄糖则未表现出这种效果。发现L - RPl1神经元对灌注液中葡萄糖和CCK - 8浓度的变化最为敏感。讨论了防御反应表现的清晰度对蜗牛摄食需求水平的依赖性以及葡萄糖和胃泌素或胆囊收缩素样肽在这些过程中的参与的适应性意义。
