Harrison J D, Naylor G P, Stather J W
National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 1994 Apr 15;143(2-3):211-20. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90458-8.
The gastrointestinal absorption of plutonium and americium present in dusts from the Maralinga test sites in South Australia has been measured as an input to dose assessments. The materials studied were from three different areas, designated Taranaki (Q380II), TM100 (10/2) and N. Plume (26). The three dusts were fed to groups of rats, mixed with their normal food. The Taranaki and TM100 dusts were also fed to guinea pigs, as a suspension in water. Expressed as fractional absorption from the gastrointestinal tract (f1), the values obtained for plutonium were 2 x 10(-6) and 8 x 10(-6) for Taranaki dust in rats and guinea pigs, respectively, 3 x 10(-6) and 10(-5) for TM100 dust in rats and guinea pigs, respectively, and 2 x 10(-6) for N. Plume dust in rats. The f1 values obtained for americium were 3 x 10(-6) and 2 x 10(-5) for Taranaki dust in rats and guinea pigs, respectively, 10(-5) and 5 x 10(-5) for Taranaki dust in rats and guinea pigs, respectively, and 10(-5) for N. Plume dust in rats. On the basis of these results, rounded f1 values used in the dose assessments were 10(-5) for plutonium and 10(-4) for americium, applying to all intakes of dust. These values compare with the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommendations of 10(-3) for unspecified chemical forms of both elements, 10(-4) for plutonium nitrate and 10(-5) for plutonium oxides. The effect of changes in f1 values on doses from 239Pu and 241Am is considered.
对来自南澳大利亚马拉林加试验场尘埃中钚和镅的胃肠道吸收情况进行了测量，作为剂量评估的输入数据。所研究的物质来自三个不同区域，分别为塔拉纳基（Q380II）、TM100（10/2）和北羽流（26）。将这三种尘埃与大鼠的正常食物混合后喂给几组大鼠。还将塔拉纳基和TM100尘埃制成水悬浮液喂给豚鼠。以胃肠道的分数吸收（f1）表示，塔拉纳基尘埃在大鼠和豚鼠体内的钚吸收值分别为2×10⁻⁶和8×10⁻⁶，TM100尘埃在大鼠和豚鼠体内的吸收值分别为3×10⁻⁶和10⁻⁵，北羽流尘埃在大鼠体内的吸收值为2×10⁻⁶。镅的f1值方面，塔拉纳基尘埃在大鼠和豚鼠体内分别为3×10⁻⁶和2×10⁻⁵，TM100尘埃在大鼠和豚鼠体内分别为10⁻⁵和5×10⁻⁵，北羽流尘埃在大鼠体内为10⁻⁵。基于这些结果，剂量评估中使用的四舍五入后的f1值，钚为10⁻⁵，镅为10⁻⁴，适用于所有尘埃摄入量。这些值与国际放射防护委员会对这两种元素未指定化学形式的推荐值10⁻³、硝酸钚的10⁻⁴以及氧化钚的10⁻⁵进行了比较。考虑了f1值变化对来自²³⁹Pu和²⁴¹Am剂量的影响。
