Stradling G N, Stather J W
National Radiological Protection Board, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom.
Health Phys. 1989;57 Suppl 1:221-7; discussion 228. doi: 10.1097/00004032-198907001-00028.
The metabolic behavior of 239Pu and 241Am present in three industrial dusts has been studied after their inhalation by the rat. A comparative experiment has also been carried out with a mixture of these actinides, inhaled as their nitrates. The aim of this work was to provide an experimental basis for assessing limits on intake and to establish whether the 239Pu content in the lungs could be interpolated from measurements of 241Am. The results (1) demonstrate the wide differences in the lung retention kinetics of the actinides and in the absolute and relative amounts which translocate to the blood that can occur for industrially produced materials; (2) show that the annual limits on intake (ALI) for the different materials vary between those postulated for class W and Y compounds by the International Commission on Radiological Protection; (3) indicate that, depending on the nature of the dust, acute intakes of 239Pu equivalent to the ALI can be estimated from 241Am chest-monitoring data at times from a few days up to about 3 y after exposure.
对大鼠吸入三种工业粉尘中所含的239Pu和241Am的代谢行为进行了研究。还对以硝酸盐形式吸入的这些锕系元素混合物进行了对比实验。这项工作的目的是为评估摄入量限值提供实验依据，并确定是否可以根据241Am的测量值推算肺部的239Pu含量。结果表明：（1）对于工业生产的材料，锕系元素在肺部的滞留动力学以及转移到血液中的绝对量和相对量存在很大差异；（2）不同材料的年摄入量限值（ALI）在国际放射防护委员会为W类和Y类化合物假定的值之间变化；（3）表明，根据粉尘的性质，在接触后几天至约3年的时间内，可从241Am胸部监测数据估算出相当于ALI的239Pu急性摄入量。
