Wolkers H, Wensing T, Groot Bruinderink G W
University of Utrecht, Department of Large Animal Medicine and Nutrition, The Netherlands.
Sci Total Environ. 1994 Apr 29;144(1-3):191-9. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90438-3.
In order to determine the contamination level for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in free ranging red deer (n = 50) and wild boar (n = 118) in 'The Veluwe', a nature reserve in the central part of The Netherlands, concentrations of these metals were measured in liver and kidney. In addition relations between Cd and Pb concentrations and iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in these organs were studied. The levels of Cd and Pb in wild animals were higher than in farmed animals of the same age, especially in the kidneys. Kidney Cd and Pb concentrations were generally higher than concentrations in liver. However, in wild boar also high Pb concentrations were found. Unlike the kidney there was a saturation in liver Cd accumulation which might be due to an insufficient Cd binding capacity of the liver as the exposure to Cd persisted. There was a strong increase of the kidney Cd concentrations with age in red deer and wild boar, which indicates substantial chronic exposure to this metal. However, concentrations of Cd and Pb were not high enough to be toxic or to affect Fe, Cu, or Zn concentrations in the animal. Compared to other wildlife species in other countries, the kidney Cd concentrations were high in our animals; Pb concentrations in liver and kidney were about the same as Pb concentrations in wildlife in other countries. Because of the high contamination levels of red deer and wild boar from this study it was concluded that De Veluwe is a relatively highly contaminated area, resulting in liver and kidney which are unsuitable for human consumption.
为了确定荷兰中部自然保护区“Veluwe”中自由放养的马鹿（n = 50）和野猪（n = 118）体内镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）的污染水平，对这些动物肝脏和肾脏中的金属浓度进行了测量。此外，还研究了这些器官中镉和铅浓度与铁（Fe）、铜（Cu）和锌（Zn）浓度之间的关系。野生动物体内镉和铅的含量高于同年龄的养殖动物，尤其是在肾脏中。肾脏中镉和铅的浓度通常高于肝脏中的浓度。然而，在野猪体内也发现了高铅浓度。与肾脏不同，肝脏中镉的积累出现了饱和，这可能是由于随着镉暴露的持续，肝脏对镉的结合能力不足。马鹿和野猪肾脏中的镉浓度随着年龄的增长而大幅增加，这表明它们长期大量接触这种金属。然而，镉和铅的浓度并不高，不会产生毒性或影响动物体内铁、铜或锌的浓度。与其他国家的其他野生动物物种相比，我们研究中的动物肾脏镉浓度较高；肝脏和肾脏中的铅浓度与其他国家野生动物中的铅浓度大致相同。鉴于本研究中马鹿和野猪的高污染水平，得出的结论是，Veluwe是一个污染相对严重的地区，其肝脏和肾脏不适合人类食用。
