Takahashi J S, Pinto L H, Vitaterna M H
Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.
Science. 1994 Jun 17;264(5166):1724-33. doi: 10.1126/science.8209253.
Modern molecular genetic and genomic approaches are revolutionizing the study of behavior in the mouse. "Reverse genetics" (from gene to phenotype) with targeted gene transfer provides a powerful tool to dissect behavior and has been used successfully to study the effects of null mutations in genes implicated in the regulation of long-term potentiation and spatial learning in mice. In addition, "forward genetics" (from phenotype to gene) with high-efficiency mutagenesis in the mouse can uncover unknown genes and has been used to isolate a behavioral mutant of the circadian system. With the recent availability of high-density genetic maps and physical mapping resources, positional cloning of virtually any mutation is now feasible in the mouse. Together, these approaches permit a molecular analysis of both known and previously unknown genes regulating behavior.
现代分子遗传学和基因组学方法正在彻底改变小鼠行为学研究。通过靶向基因转移进行的“反向遗传学”（从基因到表型）提供了一个剖析行为的强大工具，并已成功用于研究与小鼠长期增强作用和空间学习调节相关基因的无效突变的影响。此外，在小鼠中进行高效诱变的“正向遗传学”（从表型到基因）可以发现未知基因，并已用于分离昼夜节律系统的行为突变体。随着最近高密度遗传图谱和物理图谱资源的可得性，在小鼠中对几乎任何突变进行定位克隆现在都是可行的。这些方法共同允许对调节行为的已知和以前未知的基因进行分子分析。
