Halama A R
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Free University Brussels, Belgium.
Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1994;48(2):119-26.
Dysphagia is a symptom of disease reflecting either structural or neuromuscular disorders of the oropharynx or esophagus. Dysphagia should be distinguished from globus sensation and odynophagia. The clinical evaluation of the dysphagia patient by the otolaryngologist requires taking a detailed history of the complaint, extended ENT physical examination, fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy, to assess the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing. Special investigations including radiography, esophageal endoscopy, ultrasonography, pH metry, manometry may be needed for the full diagnosis. It is essential for the otolaryngologist to develop a close working relationship with the radiologist, gastroenterologist, neurologist and swallowing therapist. This team approach will allow in most of the patients with dysphagia not only to identify the cause of the complaint but also to implement an effective treatment.
吞咽困难是一种疾病症状，反映口咽或食管的结构或神经肌肉紊乱。吞咽困难应与球部感觉异常和吞咽痛相区分。耳鼻喉科医生对吞咽困难患者进行临床评估时，需要详细了解病史、进行全面的耳鼻喉科体格检查、纤维鼻咽喉镜检查，以评估吞咽的口腔和咽部阶段。全面诊断可能需要包括放射学检查、食管内镜检查、超声检查、pH值测定、测压等特殊检查。耳鼻喉科医生与放射科医生、胃肠病学家、神经科医生和吞咽治疗师建立密切的工作关系至关重要。这种团队协作方法能够使大多数吞咽困难患者不仅明确病因，还能实施有效的治疗。
