Eikelmann B, Reker T
Klinik für Psychiatrie der Universität Münster.
Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 1993 Aug;32(3):171-6.
Presented are the findings of a 5-year prospective study concerning residential rehabilitation of 53 subjects with chronic mental illness living in a differentiated system of complementary facilities and services. The focus had been the chronically ill patients' development and disease course, as reflected in their psychological wellbeing, work status, therapeutic requirements, social contacts, as well as periods of rehospitalization. At the end of the 5-year period, 50% of the subjects were living in sheltered communal groups, and some 25% fully on their own. Only 10 percent had returned to psychiatric hospitals as long-term patients. Vocational integration in the general labour market is only rarely achieved, but the work available in sheltered employment is suitable for 40%. All of the patients were in medical care after 5 years. Given a differentiated system of complementary support and services in the residential and vocational spheres, for medical care and leisure activities, persons with chronic mental illness, too, are able to live outside the psychiatric hospital, above all enjoying greater normality in their lifestyles as well as a higher degree of personal autonomy.
本文呈现了一项为期5年的前瞻性研究结果，该研究针对53名患有慢性精神疾病的患者，他们生活在一个由互补设施和服务构成的差异化体系中。研究重点在于慢性病患者的发展和病程，具体体现在他们的心理健康、工作状况、治疗需求、社会交往以及再次住院的时长等方面。在5年研究期结束时，50%的受试者生活在庇护性社区群体中，约25%的人完全独立生活。只有10%的人作为长期患者回到了精神病院。在普通劳动力市场实现职业融合的情况极为罕见，但庇护性就业中的工作有40%适合患者。5年后所有患者都得到了医疗护理。鉴于在居住和职业领域以及医疗护理和休闲活动方面有一个差异化的互补支持和服务体系，患有慢性精神疾病的人也能够在精神病院之外生活，最重要的是，他们在生活方式上享有更高的正常程度以及更高的个人自主性。
