Gardner W, Wilcox B L
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213-2593.
Am Psychol. 1993 Sep;48(9):972-83. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.48.9.972.
In 1991, the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) rescinded funding for a survey of adolescent health risk-taking behavior. The decision overturned a series of scientific and ethical peer and administrative reviews of the research, which had been chosen in a competitive evaluation of proposals to advance knowledge about the prevention of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other diseases. The cancellation, coupled with congressional action to block similar research, left a gap in scientific data about adolescent health risk-taking. The cancellation may also encourage the further use of political criteria in evaluating proposals for scientific research. Procedures for funding scientific research should be reformed to protect peer review from arbitrary political intervention. Through a discussion of this decision and its consequences for AIDS prevention research, principles that justify autonomous peer review are clarified and a reform that could strengthen it is discussed.
1991年，卫生与公众服务部（HHS）部长撤销了一项针对青少年健康冒险行为调查的资金。这一决定推翻了该研究的一系列科学、伦理同行评审及行政评审，该研究是在对推进艾滋病和其他疾病预防知识的提案进行竞争性评估中选定的。此次取消资金，再加上国会采取行动阻止类似研究，导致青少年健康冒险行为的科学数据出现缺口。这一取消还可能助长在评估科研提案时进一步使用政治标准。应当改革科研资金资助程序，以保护同行评审免受任意的政治干预。通过对这一决定及其对艾滋病预防研究的影响进行讨论，阐明了证明自主同行评审合理的原则，并探讨了一项可加强同行评审的改革措施。
