Maldonado-Durán J M, González-Cabello H, Cárdenas-Zetina J A, Sauceda-García J M, Jasso-Gutiérrez L
Servicio de Salud Mental, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, D.F.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 1993 Oct;50(10):754-9.
A description is made of the situation of neonates and their families during hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Emphasis is made on the stressful situations faced by the infants, the families and the caregivers as well as on potential interventions to ameliorate their negative impact and to promote a favorable outcome. With the infants, the situation is one of overwhelming aversive stimulation, noncontingent responses and painful procedures, coupled with deprivation of normative experiences, propiciated by their illness and the structure of the unit. With the families, their feelings of impotence, guilt, and separation from their infant are highlighted, and interventions are described that may help them in this situation of crisis. With the staff the intervention consists on education and sensitization to the infant's needs. The liaison psychiatrist is the infant's voices with the families and the staff. The literature is reviewed in terms of the potential effects of favorable stimulation and of the negative experiences of neonates while at the NICU.
本文描述了新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）中新生儿及其家庭的住院情况。重点关注婴儿、家庭和护理人员所面临的压力情境，以及减轻其负面影响并促进良好结局的潜在干预措施。对于婴儿而言，由于疾病和病房结构的原因，他们面临着强烈的厌恶刺激、非特异性反应和痛苦的治疗程序，同时还被剥夺了正常的体验。对于家庭来说，强调了他们的无助感、内疚感以及与婴儿分离的感受，并描述了在这种危机情况下可能帮助他们的干预措施。对于医护人员，干预措施包括对婴儿需求的教育和认知。联络精神科医生充当婴儿与家庭和医护人员之间沟通的桥梁。本文还回顾了有利刺激的潜在影响以及新生儿在NICU期间的负面经历的相关文献。
