McCurdy C M, Reed K L
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Arizona Health Science Center, Tucson 85724.
Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 1993 Aug;14(4):267-76. doi: 10.1016/s0887-2171(05)80101-5.
The fetal heart is the organ system most commonly affected with congenital disease. Though risk factors exist for congenital heart disease (eg, family history, toxin exposure, maternal illness, abnormal karyotype, and other fetal anomalies), the fetal heart is most often examined as part of a routine evaluation of the fetal anatomy in the fetus with no identifiable risk factors. The importance of a systematic, complete assessment of the cardiac axis cannot be overemphasized. All aspects of sonography (ie, real time, M-mode, pulsed, and color Doppler) can provide unique and integral information in evaluating the fetal heart and thorax.
胎儿心脏是最常受先天性疾病影响的器官系统。尽管存在先天性心脏病的风险因素（如家族病史、接触毒素、母体疾病、染色体核型异常和其他胎儿异常），但在没有可识别风险因素的胎儿中，胎儿心脏最常作为胎儿解剖结构常规评估的一部分进行检查。系统、全面评估心脏轴的重要性再怎么强调也不为过。超声检查的所有方面（即实时、M型、脉冲和彩色多普勒）在评估胎儿心脏和胸部时都能提供独特且不可或缺的信息。
