Fyfe D A, Meyer K B, Case C L
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425.
Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 1993 Aug;14(4):286-97. doi: 10.1016/s0887-2171(05)80103-9.
The fetus with an arrhythmia may be at high risk both from the arrhythmia itself and from the condition that provoked it. Incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate or delayed treatment may further compound the hazard. Although echocardiography can specifically identify the arrhythmia, this technique requires very skilled and careful examination by a physician who fully understands how to differentiate optimally between similar-appearing but mechanistically different arrhythmias. Congenital heart disease may also be present and must be evaluated specifically. This report describes ultrasound recording techniques used to diagnose arrhythmias and includes a discussion of M-mode echocardiography, two-dimensional imaging, pulsed Doppler, and color-flow Doppler. It also differentiates specific arrhythmias--premature atrial contractions, ventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter, complete heart block, and supraventricular tachycardia--and presents the optimal diagnostic tools for each.
患有心律失常的胎儿可能因心律失常本身以及引发心律失常的病症而处于高风险中。错误的诊断以及不恰当或延迟的治疗可能会使风险进一步增加。尽管超声心动图能够明确识别心律失常，但这项技术需要由一位充分理解如何在外观相似但机制不同的心律失常之间进行最佳鉴别的医生进行非常熟练且仔细的检查。先天性心脏病也可能存在，必须进行专门评估。本报告描述了用于诊断心律失常的超声记录技术，包括对M型超声心动图、二维成像、脉冲多普勒和彩色血流多普勒的讨论。它还区分了特定的心律失常——房性早搏、室性心动过速、心房扑动、完全性心脏传导阻滞和室上性心动过速——并介绍了针对每种心律失常的最佳诊断工具。
