Striebel J P
Prakt Anaesth. 1976 Jun;11(3):139-45.
Long-term parenteral feeding in childhood must be adapted to the requirements of the young organism. The caloric requirements are mainly provided by glucose and fat emulsions; additional calories can be supplied by xylite and, with some reservations, by fructose. For neonates and young infants the combination and quantity of amino-acids is of particular importance: histidine, arginine, proline and tyrosine are essential amino-acids; glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and cystine should form part of the unspecific sources of nitrogen. Addition of trace elements and vitamins is obligatory in long-term parenteral feeding. Complications may arise at the site of the catheter (sepsis, clotting). Late damage due to intravenous feeding is known to occurs; but a more detailed knowledge needs long-term investigations.
儿童长期胃肠外营养必须适应幼嫩机体的需求。热量需求主要由葡萄糖和脂肪乳剂提供；木糖醇可补充额外热量，果糖在一定程度上也可补充，但需谨慎。对于新生儿和婴幼儿，氨基酸的组合及数量尤为重要：组氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸和酪氨酸是必需氨基酸；甘氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和胱氨酸应作为非特异性氮源的一部分。长期胃肠外营养必须添加微量元素和维生素。导管部位可能出现并发症（败血症、凝血）。已知静脉营养会导致后期损害，但更详细的情况需要长期研究。
