Autoimmunity and schizophrenia: an epiphenomenon or an etiology?

During the last 20 years considerable data have accumulated indicating that schizophrenia may have an autoimmune immunology. Patients with schizophrenia may have autoantibodies; in addition, cellular changes may occur that are compatible with autoimmunity, e.g., an increased number of CD5+ cells. If, indeed, schizophrenia does have an autoimmune pathogenesis, we should consider an alternative therapy based on immune system-manipulating drugs in addition to antipsychotic compounds.