Tsiquaye K N, Barnard J
Department of Clinical Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1993 Aug;32(2):313-23. doi: 10.1093/jac/32.2.313.
The susceptibility of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) to the virucidal effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) was compared to hepatitis B virus (HBV) with the aim of using the duck as a model for studying HBV disinfection. Using viral DNA polymerase (DNAP) as a target, inhibition of DNAP activity by chlorine disinfectants was found to be concentration-dependent but independent of contact time. Two minute exposure of minimal effective concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (domestic bleach: 3600 ppm and industrial bleach: 3180 ppm) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (3000 ppm available chlorine) to DHBV- and HBV-rich plasma totally inhibited DNA polymerase activity. DHBV particles in DHBV-carrier duck plasma (10(4.5) ID50/mL) were treated with these concentrations and inoculated intravenously into 18 one-day old ducklings (six animals/disinfectant). Analysis of plasma (0, 7 and 14 days post-infection) and post-mortem liver (14 days post-infection) by DNA hybridization techniques showed that DHBV DNA was undetectable in samples from all animals inoculated with disinfected virus particles. However, post-inoculation plasma and liver of 18 of 18 control ducklings inoculated with untreated virions were positive for DHBV DNA. These results show for the first time that total inhibition in vitro of hepadnavirus DNA polymerase activity by chemical disinfectants is predictive of inactivation of infectivity in vivo.
为了将鸭作为研究乙肝病毒（HBV）消毒的模型，比较了鸭乙肝病毒（DHBV）对次氯酸钠（NaOCl）和二氯异氰尿酸钠（NaDCC）杀病毒作用的敏感性与乙肝病毒（HBV）的敏感性。以病毒DNA聚合酶（DNAP）为靶点，发现氯消毒剂对DNAP活性的抑制作用呈浓度依赖性，但与接触时间无关。将最低有效浓度的次氯酸钠（家用漂白剂：3600 ppm和工业漂白剂：3180 ppm）和二氯异氰尿酸钠（3000 ppm有效氯）与富含DHBV和HBV的血浆接触两分钟，可完全抑制DNA聚合酶活性。用这些浓度处理DHBV携带者鸭血浆中的DHBV颗粒（10(4.5) ID50/mL），并静脉注射到18只1日龄雏鸭中（每组消毒剂处理6只动物）。通过DNA杂交技术对血浆（感染后0、7和14天）和死后肝脏（感染后14天）进行分析，结果显示，接种了经消毒病毒颗粒的所有动物的样本中均未检测到DHBV DNA。然而，接种未处理病毒粒子的18只对照雏鸭接种后的血浆和肝脏中，DHBV DNA呈阳性。这些结果首次表明，化学消毒剂在体外对嗜肝DNA病毒DNA聚合酶活性的完全抑制可预测其在体内对传染性的灭活作用。
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