Katz M M, Wetzler S, Cloitre M, Swann A, Secunda S, Mendels J, Robins E
Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467.
J Affect Disord. 1993 Aug;28(4):267-77. doi: 10.1016/0165-0327(93)90062-o.
This study was aimed at identifying the expressive, movement, and social behaviors associated with anxiety in the syndrome of major depression. The sample consisted of 97 hospitalized male and female depressed patients. Expressive and social behaviors were evaluated prior to treatment in a structured videotaped interview. Anxiety was measured using a multi-vantaged approach including doctor's rating, nurse's rating, patient self-report, and a separate video rating. Results indicate that anxiety was significantly associated with agitation, distressed facial expression, bodily discomfort, and poor social interaction in both sexes. Men and women differed in certain respects: anxiety was highly related to motor retardation in women only, and to hostility in men only. Differences in the pattern of expressive behavior between high and low anxious, depressed patients were clearly significant, and several were large enough to serve as clinical indicators. These findings help to characterize the expressive features of anxiety in the context of severe depression, and add to the growing literature on sex differences in depression.
本研究旨在确定与重度抑郁症综合征中的焦虑相关的表达、运动和社会行为。样本包括97名住院的男性和女性抑郁症患者。在治疗前，通过结构化录像访谈对表达和社会行为进行评估。使用包括医生评分、护士评分、患者自我报告以及单独的视频评分在内的多维度方法测量焦虑。结果表明，焦虑与两性的激动、痛苦的面部表情、身体不适和不良社会互动显著相关。男性和女性在某些方面存在差异：焦虑仅与女性的运动迟缓高度相关，仅与男性的敌意高度相关。高焦虑和低焦虑的抑郁症患者在表达行为模式上的差异非常显著，其中一些差异大到足以作为临床指标。这些发现有助于刻画严重抑郁症背景下焦虑的表达特征，并为关于抑郁症性别差异的不断增长的文献增添内容。
