Triggering of degranulation in mast cells by exogenous type II phospholipase A2.

We have previously shown the possibility that endogenous type II phospholipase A2 (PLA2) might participate in degranulation in mast cells (MC) (Murakami, M., et al. 1992. Eur. J. Biochem. 209:257). Now we have examined whether or not exogenously added type II PLA2 triggers MC degranulation. When rat peritoneal connective tissue MC (CTMC) were exposed to purified rat type II PLA2 at concentrations of more than 10 micrograms/ml, significant release of histamine was observed, whereas PGD2 was not generated under the same conditions. Mouse peritoneal CTMC as well as bone marrow-derived immature MC also responded to PLA2. Preincubation of CTMC with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein, and herbimycin A, but not with pertussis toxin, resulted in abolition of the sensitivity to PLA2. The ability of type II PLA2 to induce histamine release was inhibited by an antibody or chemicals, both of which blocked the catalytic activity of type II PLA2. Heparin or an antibody recognizing the heparin-binding domain of type II PLA2 also suppressed the MC-degranulating activity, probably due to inhibition of binding of PLA2 to the cells. The interaction between heparan sulfate on cell surface and the heparin-binding domain of type II PLA2 may be important for the induction of exocytosis. The catalytic domain of the enzyme is also crucially important for the degranulation induction. Furthermore, we found that nerve growth factor, one of the potent regulators of MC function, significantly potentiated type II PLA2-induced histamine release from rat CTMC. These results suggest the possible role of extracellular type II PLA2 in activation of CTMC primed with nerve growth factor at inflamed sites.