Iritani N, Matsumura Y, Fukuda H
Tezukayama Gakuin College, Sakai, Japan.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1993 Jun;39(3):243-52. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.39.243.
The milk fatty acid compositions of mothers fed on a fat-free or various fat diets, and the effects on growth and fatty acid compositions of their pups were studied. Even the milk of essential fatty acid-deficient mothers fed on a fat-free or hydrogenated fat diet contained about 3 and 1.7%, n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, respectively. In the plasma of the suckling pups, however, the proportions of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids rapidly increased to about 20 and 3-5%, respectively, at 1 week after birth. In particular, the PUFAs markedly increased in the liver PC and PE, and the high levels were maintained until weaning. Although the PUFA compositions of suckling pups were influenced with those of maternal diet, small amounts of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids were usually maintained in the plasma and liver. After weaning to the same diets (without PUFAs) as the mothers, however, the n-3 and n-6 fatty acids rapidly decreased and endogenous n-9 eicosatrienoic acid appeared. On the other hand, the growth during suckling was not significantly different among the litters of mothers fed on diets with or without n-3 or n-6 fatty acids. After the weaning, however, the growth was improved in the following order: corn oil, perilla oil > fish oil > fat-free, hydrogenated fat diet group. n-3 fatty acids appeared to be used partially as substitutes for n-6. However, the essentiality was not clear, as the n-3 fatty acids always coexisted with the n-6. Thus, it appeared that small amounts of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in milk were supplied to the suckling animals regardless of maternal diet and supported growth.
研究了以无脂肪或各种脂肪饮食喂养的母亲的乳脂肪酸组成，以及对其幼崽生长和脂肪酸组成的影响。即使是以无脂肪或氢化脂肪饮食喂养的必需脂肪酸缺乏的母亲的乳汁中，也分别含有约3%和1.7%的n-6和n-3脂肪酸。然而，在哺乳幼崽的血浆中，出生1周后，n-6和n-3脂肪酸的比例迅速分别增加到约20%和3 - 5%。特别是，多不饱和脂肪酸在肝脏磷脂酰胆碱（PC）和磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）中显著增加，并且在断奶前一直维持在较高水平。尽管哺乳幼崽的多不饱和脂肪酸组成受母体饮食的影响，但血浆和肝脏中通常会维持少量的n-6和n-3脂肪酸。然而，断奶后改为与母亲相同的饮食（不含多不饱和脂肪酸）时，n-3和n-6脂肪酸迅速减少，内源性n-9二十碳三烯酸出现。另一方面，在以含或不含n-3或n-6脂肪酸的饮食喂养的母亲的幼崽中，哺乳期间的生长没有显著差异。然而，断奶后，生长改善的顺序如下：玉米油、紫苏油>鱼油>无脂肪、氢化脂肪饮食组。n-3脂肪酸似乎部分替代了n-6脂肪酸。然而，由于n-3脂肪酸总是与n-6脂肪酸共存，其必要性尚不清楚。因此，似乎无论母体饮食如何，乳汁中的少量n-3和n-6脂肪酸都会供应给哺乳动物并支持其生长。
