MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1993 Nov 12;42(44):857, 863-6.
During 1990, nearly 419,000 deaths (approximately 20% of all deaths) in the United States were attributed to smoking, including more than 150,000 deaths from neoplasms. Cigarette smoking remains the single most preventable cause of premature death in the United States. Based on current and past smoking patterns, the public health burden of smoking-related cancers is expected to continue during the next several decades. The death rate for smoking-related cancers varies by race; race reflects differing distributions of several risk factors for smoking-related cancers (e.g., high-risk behaviors) and is useful for identifying groups at greatest risk for smoking-related cancers. This report describes mortality trends for cancers (i.e., lung, oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus, and larynx) that are at least 70% attributable to smoking and other tobacco use (2) by race and sex. In addition, because lung cancer recently surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths among women, death rates for lung cancer are compared with those for breast cancer.
1990年期间，美国有近41.9万人死亡（约占总死亡人数的20%）归因于吸烟，其中超过15万人死于肿瘤。吸烟仍然是美国过早死亡的唯一最可预防的原因。根据当前和过去的吸烟模式，与吸烟相关癌症的公共卫生负担预计在未来几十年仍将持续。与吸烟相关癌症的死亡率因种族而异；种族反映了与吸烟相关癌症的几种风险因素（如高危行为）的不同分布情况，有助于识别患与吸烟相关癌症风险最高的群体。本报告按种族和性别描述了至少70%归因于吸烟和其他烟草使用的癌症（即肺癌、口腔和咽癌、食管癌和喉癌）的死亡率趋势。此外，由于肺癌最近超过乳腺癌成为女性癌症死亡的主要原因，因此将肺癌死亡率与乳腺癌死亡率进行了比较。
