Klika E, Rychterová V, Tĕsík I, Jarkovská D, Borecká A
Acta Univ Carol Med Monogr. 1975(69):1-100.
A mature AMF, ready for phagocytosis, is a relatively large cell with an oval nucleus, with indentations of a nuclear envelope of varying depth. Evenly distributed chromatin forms beneath the nuclear envelope a rim of heterochromatin. There is a prominent nucleus with a distinct nucleolonemma. The cytoplasm is differentiated into a continuous ectoplasmic zone with numberous finger-like processes and pseudopodia. The organelles are formed by scattered round or oval mitochondria, a description is given of the Golgi apparatus in the juxtanuclear position, in certain sites multifocal in form, of the centriolar apparatus, scarce profiles of endoplasmic granular reticulum, dispersed free polyribosomes and microfilaments in varying amounts. The most outstanding feature is the rich lysosomal apparatus of varying structure depending on the functional state. Dynamics of the maturation of AMF was studied in intermediate phases, described here. The peribronchovascular connective tissue is the seat of free macrophages of a structure analogous with that of AMF. Fixed macrophages are anchored in the loose connective tissue by processes of different shape and length. The prevailing component of the cytoplasm are numerous vesicular structures and vacuoles as well as a marked lysosomal apparatus. Fixed macrophages phagocytize foreign material in situ. The septal cell exists in normal state as an element with numerous intricated processes pervading the fibrillar substrate. Numerous free polyribosomes and vacuoles are its most marked component. Activation of septal cells was demonstrated under experimental conditions. Their transformation into free macrophages is probable. In the pulmonary intersitium, in the perivascular loose connective tissue particularly free cells of a similar structure as blood monocytes were shown in normal state. Under experimental conditions an increased number of monocytes is present in pulmonary capillaries, e.g. 24 hours after an intratracheal instillation of India ink colloid solution. At the same interval a number of free cells of the monocyte structure was found in the perivascular connective tissue and also in the alveolar lumen, with phagocytized carbon. An increased number of monocytes transforming into macrophagic cells was visualized in this localization as late as 14 days after the instillation of India ink colloid solution. The experimental study with an intratracheal instillation of India ink colloid solution in the mouse gave evidence of a high readiness of AMF. The carbon particles were seen phagocytized at an interval of 5 minutes after instillation. In all intervals during which free carbon particles were present in the alveolar epithelium mature AMF were observed with no or very low phagocytic activity, their lysosomal apparatus being prominent. On the contrary, in the phagocytizing AMF, the lysosomal apparatus disappeared in the greatest part of the cytoplasm. The clearance of AMF occurs predominantly by the air route...
一个成熟的、准备进行吞噬作用的肺泡巨噬细胞（AMF）是一个相对较大的细胞，具有椭圆形细胞核，核膜有不同深度的凹陷。核膜下方均匀分布的染色质形成一层异染色质边缘。有一个明显的细胞核，带有清晰的核仁丝。细胞质分化为一个连续的外质区，有许多指状突起和伪足。细胞器由散在的圆形或椭圆形线粒体组成，描述了位于核旁位置的高尔基体，在某些部位呈多灶性，还有中心粒装置，内质网颗粒状网的稀少轮廓，分散的游离多核糖体和数量不等的微丝。最显著的特征是根据功能状态具有丰富的、结构各异的溶酶体装置。本文描述了中间阶段肺泡巨噬细胞成熟的动态过程。支气管血管周围结缔组织是与肺泡巨噬细胞结构类似的游离巨噬细胞的所在部位。固定巨噬细胞通过不同形状和长度的突起锚定在疏松结缔组织中。细胞质的主要成分是大量囊泡结构和液泡以及明显的溶酶体装置。固定巨噬细胞在原位吞噬异物。间隔细胞在正常状态下作为一种元素存在，有许多错综复杂的突起贯穿纤维状基质。大量游离多核糖体和液泡是其最显著的成分。在实验条件下证实了间隔细胞的激活。它们有可能转化为游离巨噬细胞。在肺间质中，特别是在血管周围疏松结缔组织中，正常状态下可见到与血液单核细胞结构相似的游离细胞。在实验条件下，例如在气管内注入印度墨汁胶体溶液24小时后，肺毛细血管中单核细胞数量增加。在相同时间段，在血管周围结缔组织以及肺泡腔内发现了一些单核细胞结构的游离细胞，它们吞噬了碳。在注入印度墨汁胶体溶液14天后，在这个部位仍可见到大量单核细胞转化为巨噬细胞。对小鼠进行气管内注入印度墨汁胶体溶液的实验研究证明肺泡巨噬细胞的活性很高。注入后5分钟就可见到碳颗粒被吞噬。在肺泡上皮中存在游离碳颗粒的所有时间段内，均观察到成熟的肺泡巨噬细胞，其吞噬活性无或很低，但其溶酶体装置很突出。相反，在正在进行吞噬的肺泡巨噬细胞中，溶酶体装置在大部分细胞质中消失。肺泡巨噬细胞的清除主要通过气道进行……
