Koutedakis Y, Ridgeon A, Sharp N C, Boreham C
School of Health Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, UK.
Br J Sports Med. 1993 Sep;27(3):171-4. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.27.3.171.
In this study, anthropometric measurements were carried out on seven British international male épée fencers, using a maximal treadmill running test, a 20-s Wingate-type test, and isokinetic dynamometry. Testing was conducted on two occasions, 5 to 6 months apart, during mid-off-season (preparation) and mid-in-season (competition) periods. Maximal oxygen intake (VO2max) and maximal respiratory exchange ratio (Rmax) were among the parameters obtained from the treadmill test, while peak and mean anaerobic power outputs were measured during a 20-s maximal effort. Knee extensor and flexor muscle forces from both dominant (leading) and non-dominant (trailing) legs were assessed at 1.04, 3.14 and 4.19 rad sec-1. Statistical analyses revealed lower mean VO2max (P < 0.05) and mean Rmax values (P < 0.02) at the in-season assessments compared with off-season. In-season testing also demonstrated significantly lower peak torques for both dominant and non-dominant knee extensors compared with off-season assessments at all velocities (P < 0.05 to P < 0.004). Furthermore, in-season peak torque for the non-dominant leg flexors was lower (P < 0.03) at 4.19 rad sec-1 than off-season. We conclude that current training practices may account for the observed seasonal variations in performance related physiological parameters in fencers.
在本研究中，对七名英国国际男子重剑击剑运动员进行了人体测量，采用了最大跑步机跑步测试、20秒温盖特式测试和等速测力法。测试在两个时间段进行，间隔5至6个月，分别在赛季中期（准备期）和赛季中期（比赛期）。最大摄氧量（VO2max）和最大呼吸交换率（Rmax）是跑步机测试获得的参数之一，而在20秒最大用力期间测量了峰值和平均无氧功率输出。在1.04、3.14和4.19弧度·秒-1的速度下评估了优势（领先）腿和非优势（落后）腿的膝伸肌和屈肌力量。统计分析显示，与赛季前相比，赛季中评估时的平均VO2max（P < 0.05）和平均Rmax值（P < 0.02）较低。赛季中的测试还表明，与赛季前评估相比，在所有速度下，优势腿和非优势腿膝伸肌的峰值扭矩均显著降低（P < 0.05至P < 0.004）。此外，在4.19弧度·秒-1的速度下，非优势腿屈肌的赛季中峰值扭矩低于赛季前（P < 0.03）。我们得出结论，当前的训练方法可能是导致击剑运动员在与表现相关的生理参数上出现观察到的季节性变化的原因。
