Ferrell B R, Rhiner M, Ferrell B A
City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
Cancer. 1993 Dec 1;72(11 Suppl):3426-32. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19931201)72:11+<3426::aid-cncr2820721608>3.0.co;2-d.
Pain is a significant problem for cancer patients and is of particular concern for the elderly. This article reports on the development and implementation of a pain management educational intervention for elderly cancer patients and their family caregivers. This patient education program was developed within a research study funded by the American Cancer Society. Subjects were stratified as either elderly (60-75 years) or oldest (greater than 75 years) and then were randomly assigned to an experimental group that received the three-part, structured pain education program or a control group that received usual care. Control group subjects were offered the intervention at the conclusion of data collection. The outcomes of the pain education were measured at two times after the intervention. Study variables included patient outcomes such as pain intensity, pain knowledge and attitudes, medication compliance, and quality of life as well as family caregiver outcomes. This pain education program was developed, implemented, and evaluated in 40 patients and family caregivers in the first year of a 2-year project. In this article, the investigators present the development and structure of the three-part education program, general principles of patient education regarding pain, methods of evaluating pain education, and initial results of the pain education. Pain education includes basic principles of pain relief, pharmacologic interventions, and nondrug interventions for relief of pain. This program has demonstrated that both cancer patients and their family caregivers benefit from a structured education program for relief of cancer pain.
疼痛是癌症患者面临的一个重大问题，尤其受到老年人的关注。本文报告了一项针对老年癌症患者及其家庭护理人员的疼痛管理教育干预措施的开发与实施情况。该患者教育项目是在美国癌症协会资助的一项研究中开发的。受试者被分为老年组（60 - 75岁）或高龄组（75岁以上），然后随机分配到接受三部分结构化疼痛教育项目的实验组或接受常规护理的对照组。对照组受试者在数据收集结束时接受该干预措施。在干预后的两个时间点对疼痛教育的结果进行了测量。研究变量包括患者的结果，如疼痛强度、疼痛知识和态度、药物依从性、生活质量以及家庭护理人员的结果。在一个为期两年项目的第一年，对40名患者及其家庭护理人员开展并评估了这个疼痛教育项目。在本文中，研究人员介绍了三部分教育项目的开发和结构、关于疼痛的患者教育的一般原则、评估疼痛教育的方法以及疼痛教育的初步结果。疼痛教育包括疼痛缓解的基本原则、药物干预措施以及缓解疼痛的非药物干预措施。该项目已证明，癌症患者及其家庭护理人员都能从缓解癌症疼痛的结构化教育项目中受益。
