Prevention and screening for breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in both Europe and the U.S. It is the second leading cause of cancer deaths for women in the U.S., but the first in Poland. Age, family history, reproductive factors, proliferative breast disease, and radiation are established risk factors. Diet may account for differences in international incidence rates; however, the majority of women who get breast cancer do not have identifiable risk factors other than age and being female. Primary prevention of breast cancer is unknown. Control relies on secondary prevention aimed at suppression of clinically occult disease, mammographic screening, and early detection of palpable disease through physical examination and breast self-examination. Dietary and medical prevention strategies are being tested in the U.S. Screening mammography has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing mortality in women over 50. The "Partnerships in Healthcare" program aims to enhance the early detection of breast cancer in Poland by providing mammography units, training for technicians and nurses, and incentives to develop multidisciplinary approaches to diagnosis and treatment.