Gairard B, Mathelin C, Schaffer P, Brettes J P
Clinique gynécologique et obstétricale Hôpital Central, Strasbourg.
Rev Prat. 1998 Jan 1;48(1):21-7.
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women: more than 8 to 9% of women will develop a breast cancer during their life and the incidence rate is regularly increasing. Despite therapeutic improvements, breast cancer mortality still remains important and varying according to regions (five years survival: 62 to 80% for the last years). The risks factors analysis shows that a primary prevention of the major risks factors is not yet possible (genetic or endogenous hormonal risk). The chemoprevention is still is discussion and under investigation. For the moment, secondary prevention using screening is the only way to improve survival. The lead-time induced by the screening allows an earlier detection of breast cancers. The randomized trials have demonstrated a significant benefit on mortality and morbidity from breast cancer in women aged 50 to 69. So many countries started regional, pilot or national breast cancer screening programmes using mammography with a 2-year interval and specialized centers.
超过8%至9%的女性在其一生中会患乳腺癌，且发病率呈持续上升趋势。尽管治疗方法有所改进，但乳腺癌死亡率仍然很高，并且因地区而异（过去几年五年生存率为62%至80%）。风险因素分析表明，对主要风险因素进行一级预防目前尚不可能（遗传或内源性激素风险）。化学预防仍在讨论和研究中。目前，采用筛查进行二级预防是提高生存率的唯一途径。筛查所带来的提前期使得能够更早地发现乳腺癌。随机试验已证明，这对50至69岁女性的乳腺癌死亡率和发病率有显著益处。因此，许多国家启动了区域性、试点性或全国性的乳腺癌筛查项目，采用间隔两年的乳腺X线摄影检查，并设立了专门中心。
