Martin-du Pan R C, Campana A
Département de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland.
Fertil Steril. 1993 Dec;60(6):937-46. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)56388-2.
To review the world literature on the etiology, physiopathology, and treatment of spermatogenesis arrest.
All the pertinent literature on spermatogenic arrest has been selected. Most studies related to this topic have been identified through Medline and through published literature.
Spermatogenic arrest has been diagnosed by testicular biopsy in men of reproductive age who had either severe oligospermia (partial arrest) or azoospermia (complete arrest), normal testicular volume, and depending on the etiology normal, high, or low levels of gonadotropins.
The effects of heat, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been reported. Depending on the etiology of spermatogenic arrest, different hormonal treatments have been tested.
Level of interruption of germ cell differentiation in testicular biopsy have been determined. Improvement of the sperm count or appearance of mature sperm after an hormonal treatment have been observed.
Spermatogenic arrest can occur at spermatogonial level in case of gonadotropin insufficiency or after germ cell damage due to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The arrest is most frequently observed at primary spermatocyte level. Reversible arrest at that level can be due to heat, infections, hormonal and nutritional factors. Irreversible arrest at primary spermatocyte or spermatid level have a genetic origin due to chromosomes anomalies either in somatic cells or in germ cells.
Spermatogenic arrest is usually due to genetic factors resulting in irreversible azoospermia. However some cases may be consecutive to hormonal, thermic, or toxic factors and may be reversible either spontaneously or after a specific treatment.
回顾世界范围内有关精子发生停滞的病因、病理生理学及治疗的文献。
选取了所有关于精子发生停滞的相关文献。该主题的大多数研究通过医学文献数据库（Medline）及已发表文献得以确定。
通过睾丸活检对生殖年龄男性进行精子发生停滞的诊断，这些男性存在严重少精子症（部分停滞）或无精子症（完全停滞），睾丸体积正常，且根据病因，促性腺激素水平正常、升高或降低。
报告了高温、放疗及化疗的影响。根据精子发生停滞的病因，对不同的激素治疗进行了测试。
确定睾丸活检中生殖细胞分化中断的程度。观察激素治疗后精子计数的改善或成熟精子的出现情况。
在促性腺激素不足的情况下或因化疗或放疗导致生殖细胞损伤时，精子发生停滞可发生在精原细胞水平。停滞最常出现在初级精母细胞水平。该水平的可逆性停滞可能归因于高温、感染、激素及营养因素。初级精母细胞或精子细胞水平的不可逆停滞源于体细胞或生殖细胞中的染色体异常，具有遗传起源。
精子发生停滞通常归因于导致不可逆无精子症的遗传因素。然而，一些病例可能继发于激素、温度或毒性因素，可能自发或经特定治疗后可逆。
