Carey M P, Kalra D L, Carey K B, Halperin S, Richards C S
Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, New York 13244-2340.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993 Oct;61(5):831-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.61.5.831.
A prospective design was used to determine the outcomes associated with unaided smoking cessation and the influence of stress on cessation. Heavy smokers (N = 308) completed stress-related measures and were then recontacted at 1, 6, and 12 months. At each follow-up, they indicated their smoking status (which was confirmed by collateral report and biochemical tests) and completed several stress-related questionnaires. Results indicated that 33% of subjects smoked continuously throughout the year, 39% quit briefly but subsequently relapsed, and 15% quit (confirmed biochemically). An additional 7% reported that they had quit, but this could not be confirmed, and 6% were lost to follow-up. Compared with nonquiters, quitters reported less perceived stress, greater self-efficacy, greater use of problem solving and cognitive restructuring, and less reliance on wishful thinking, self-criticism, and social withdrawal. A model to forecast quitting was built and cross-validated.
采用前瞻性设计来确定与自主戒烟相关的结果以及压力对戒烟的影响。重度吸烟者（N = 308）完成了与压力相关的测量，然后在1个月、6个月和12个月时再次联系。在每次随访时，他们表明自己的吸烟状况（通过旁证报告和生化测试确认），并完成几份与压力相关的问卷。结果表明，33%的受试者全年持续吸烟，39%短暂戒烟但随后复发，15%戒烟（经生化确认）。另外7%报告称已戒烟，但无法得到确认，6%失访。与未戒烟者相比，戒烟者报告的感知压力较小、自我效能感较高、更多地运用解决问题和认知重构方法，且较少依赖一厢情愿、自我批评和社交退缩。构建并交叉验证了一个预测戒烟的模型。
